Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
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Extraction of Essential Design Elements for Urban Parks - Based on the Analysis of 2017 Satisfaction Survey of Park Use in Seoul -

도시공원의 필수 설계요소 추출 - 2017년 서울시 공원이용 만족도 조사의 결과 분석을 바탕으로 -

  • Lee, Jae Ho (Dept. of Recreation Park, and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University) ;
  • Kim, Soonki (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Dankook University)
  • 이재호 (텍사스 A&M 대학교 여가공원관광학과) ;
  • 김순기 (단국대학교 녹지조경학과)
  • Received : 2018.10.15
  • Accepted : 2018.11.25
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

The aim of this study is to provide foundational knowledge of how to enhance the user satisfaction of urban parks. The study seeks to identify essential factors that influence user satisfaction and to provide better design strategies for future park design as well as the reorganization of existing ones. To measure user satisfaction, this study used factor analysis to extract essential factors - facility conditions, landscape and scenery, safety, and kindness - by using data from a survey conducted by the city of Seoul in 2017. We then used a regression analysis to infer causal relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variables (user satisfaction). The results revealed that the most significantly and positively related variable to user satisfaction in urban parks was safety (${\beta}=0.276$, p<.000), followed by landscape and scenery (${\beta}=0.230$, p<.000), facility conditions (${\beta}=0.215$, p<.000), and kindness (${\beta}=0.208$, p<.000). The results indicate that, for future urban park designs, planners and designers should prioritize the issues of safety by adopting crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). In addition, planners and designers of future park designs should heavily weigh the selection and provision of relevant facilities for the intended use as well as well-arranged and well-managed plants and trees. Based on the results of IPA analysis, the most urgent improvement elements appeared to be the factor of kindness; however, the impact of kindness influencing user satisfaction was less important than that of safety and landscape and scenery in the urban park design processes. This study demonstrates that to maximize the user satisfaction of the urban park design processes and to provide more valuable spaces for users, it is necessary to secure park safety and to create well-composed landscape and scenery. Future research should provide more detailed and specified urban park design strategies corresponding with the importance of the factors identified in this study.

본 연구는 도시 내 공원을 새로이 조성하거나 기존의 도시공원을 재정비할 때 공원의 이용만족도를 높이기 위한 필수적인 설계요소를 추출함으로써 계획 및 설계에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하기 위한 목적으로, 서울시가 2017년 시행한 공원이용만족도 조사의 결과를 분석하여 도시공원의 중요설계요소를 도출하고자 하였다. 연구는 설문조사를 바탕으로 시설관리상태, 조경 및 경관, 공원 안전성, 친절도 등의 항목을 중요 설계요소로서 추출한 후 회귀분석을 통하여 각 항목과 공원이용만족도 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 공원 안전성(${\beta}=0.276$, p<.000), 조경 및 경관(${\beta}=0.230$, p<.000), 시설관리상태(${\beta}=0.215$, p<.000), 친절도(${\beta}=0.208$, p<.000) 순으로 영향력을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과에 따르면 공원 안전성의 확보를 위하여 추후 도시공원의 설계에서 범죄예방환경설계(CPTED) 등의 적극적인 활용이 요구되며, 적절하며 균형 있는 수경시설과 수목의 배치 및 관리를 통한 짜임새 있는 조경 및 경관의 구성 또한 도시공원의 이용만족도를 높일 수 있는 매우 중요한 요소로서 추후 공원설계에서 매우 주의 깊게 다루어야 할 요소로 판단되었다. 이에 반해, 현 도시공원에서 가장 시급하게 개선되어야 할 요소로서 나타난 친절도의 경우, 추후 도시공원의 설계과정에서는 필수설계요소로서의 공원 안전성 및 조경 및 경관 요소에 비해 그 중요성이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 추후 도시공원의 설계과정에서 이용자 만족도를 최대화하고, 실제 이용자에게 보다 가치 있는 공간의 제공을 위해서는 공원 안전성 및 조경 및 경관 요소의 적절한 활용이 요구된다. 더 나아가, 향후 연구에서는 이 논문에서 밝혀진 요소들을 통한 보다 구체적이며, 세분화된 도시공원 디자인 전략을 제시할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

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