Korean Journal of Ichthyology (한국어류학회지)

The Ichthyological Society of Korea (한국어류학회)
권호 표지

Habitat Characteristics and Estimation of the Age of the Endangered Miho Spine Loach, Cobitis choii (Pisces: Cobitidae) in Ji Stream, Guem River, Korea

멸종위기어류 미호종개 Cobitis choii(Pisces: Cobitidae)의 서식지 특징과 연령추정

  • Ko, Myeong-Hun (Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Bang, In-Chul (Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 고명훈 (이화여자대학교 에코과학부) ;
  • 방인철 (순천향대학교 생명시스템학과)
  • Received : 2018.02.05
  • Accepted : 2018.03.10
  • Published : 2018.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The habitat characteristics and the age of endangered miho spine loach, Cobitis choii, were investigated in Ji Stream, Guem River, Korea in 2011 to provide baseline data for its restoration. The habitat of the C. choii was the downstream portion composed of sand, and the sand particle sizes was mostly 0.21~1.18 mm (88.7%). Juveniles (age 0+) preferred slower water velocity (0~25 cm/sec) and a lower water depth (5~20 cm) than did individuals who were more than 1 year old, as this group inhabited rapids with 10~25 cm/sec of water velocity and 20~50 cm of water depth. The C. choii rapidly grew during the active period from April to October and they stopped growing during the hibernating period from November to March. The estimated age of the C. choii (females) based on their total length distribution during the spawning period (June) indicated that 1-, 2-, 3- and more than 4-year-old were 40~61 mm, 64~79 mm, 80~91 mm and 92~106 mm, respectively.

멸종위기어류인 미호종개 Cobitis choii의 서식지 특성과 연령 등의 생태적 특징을 밝혀 보전학적으로 활용하기 위하여 2011년 금강 지류인 지천에서 조사를 실시하였다. 미호종개의 서식지는 하류부의 모래톱이 형성된 지역으로, 모래 입자 크기는 대부분 0.21~1.18 mm (88.7%)로 작은 편이었다. 치어는 수심이 5~20 cm로 낮고 유속은 0~15 cm/sec로 느린 곳에 주로 서식하고 있었지만, 1년생과 2년생, 3년생 이상의 개체들은 공통적으로 수심 20~50 cm, 유속 10~25 cm/sec의 느린 여울부에 서식하고 있었다. 성장은 활동기인 4월부터 10월까지 급격한 성장을 보였으나 월동기인 11월부터 3월까지는 성장을 멈추었다. 연령(암컷)은 6월을 기준으로 만 1년생은 전장 40~61 mm, 만 2년생은 64~79 mm, 만 3년생은 80~91 mm, 만 4년생 이상은 92~106 mm로 추정되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae, D.Y., W.K. Moon, M.H. Jang, K.S. Jang, J.B. Seo, W.J. Kim, J.O, Kim and J.K, Kim. 2012. Applying the Jolly-Seber model to estimate population size of miho spine loach (Cobitis choii) in the Backgok Stream, Korea. Korean J. Limnol., 45: 322-328. (in Korean)
  2. Bang, I.C., W.J. Kim and I.R. Lee. 2008. Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the endangered Miho spine loach (Iksookimia choii) and cross-species amplification within the Cobitidae family. Molecular Ecol. Res., 9: 281-284.
  3. Bogutskaya, N.G., A.M. Naseka, S.V. Shedko, E.D. Vasil'eva and I.A. Chereshnev. 2008. The fishes of the Amur River: updated check-list and zoogeography. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 19: 301-366.
  4. CHA (Cultural Heritage Administration) 2009. Habitat Status Basic Research of Natural Monument fish. Institute of Biodiversity, 117pp. (in Korean)
  5. CHA (Cultural Heritage Administration). 2017. Natural Monument Designation. Retrieved from http://www.cha.go.kr/korea.verson (12/2017) (in Korean)
  6. Cummins, K.W. 1962. An evolution of some techniques for the collection and analysis of benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic waters. Amer. Midl. Nat̓l., 67: 477-504.
  7. Hong, Y.P. 2004. The Present Status and Conservation of the Critically Endangered Species, Iksookimia choii, in Korea. Abstract 2004 Autumn Meeting of the Ichthyological Society of Korea, pp. 59-75. (in Korean)
  8. Kani, T. 1944. Ecology of Torrent-inhabiting Insects, pp. 171-317. In: Insect I (Furukawa, J., ed.). Kenkyu-sha, Tokyo. (in Japanese)
  9. Kim, D.H., H.Y. Jo and H.J. Lee. 2008a. Study on the reproduction and growth of Iksookimia koreensis Kim (Pisces: Cobitida) in the Namdae Stream, Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 20: 21-27. (in Korean)
  10. Kim, I.S. 1997. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea, Vol. 37, Freshwater Fishes. Ministry of Education, Yeongi, 329pp. (in Korean)
  11. Kim, I.S. 2009. A review of the spined loaches, family Cobitidae (Cypriniformes) in Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 21 (supplement): 7-28.
  12. Kim, I.S., M.H. Ko and J.Y. Park. 2006. Population ecology of Korean sand loach Cobitis tetralineata (Pisece; Cobitidae) in the Seomjin River, Korea. J. Ecol. Field Biol., 29: 277-286. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2006.29.3.277
  13. Kim, I.S. and Y.M. Son. 1984. Cobitis choii, a new cobitid fish from Korea. Korean J. Zool., 27: 49-55.
  14. Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2007 Freshwater Fishes of Korea. Kyohak Publishing, Seoul, 467pp. (in Korean)
  15. Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim. 2005. Illustrated Book of Korean Fishes. Kyohak Publishing Co. Ltd., Seoul. 615pp. (in Korean)
  16. Kim, K.Y., S.Y. Lee, I.C. Bang and Y.K. Nam. 2008b. Complete mitogenome sequence of an endangered freshwater fish, Iksookimia choii (Teleostei; Cypriniformes, Cobitidae). Mitochondrial DNA, 19: 438-445.
  17. Ko, M.H. 2005. Ecological studies of Cobitis tetralineata and Iksookimia longicorpa (Cobitidae) in the Seomjin River, Korea. Master Thesis, Chonbuk National University, 69pp. (in Korean)
  18. Ko, M.H. 2009. Reproductive mechanisms of the unisexual diploid-triploid hybrid complex between the spined loach Cobitis hankugensis and Iksookimia longicorpa (Teleostei, Cobitidae) in Korea. Doctoral Thesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 160pp. (in Korean)
  19. Ko, M.H. 2015. Habitat characteristics and feeding ecology of the Korean endemic Species, Iksookimia pacifica (Pisces: Cobitidae) in the Bukcheon (stream), Korea
  20. Ko, M.H., I.R. Lee and I.C. Bang. 2012a. Distribution status and estimation of population size of the endangered species, Cobitis choii (Pisces: Cobitidae) in Guem River, Korea. Korena J. Ichthyol., 1: 56-61. (in Korean)
  21. Ko, M.H. and J.Y. Park. 2011. Growth and spawning ecology of Cobitis lutheri (Teleostei: Cobitidae) in the Mangyeong River, Korea. Korean J. Icthyol., 23: 158-162. (in Korean)
  22. Ko, M.H., J.Y. Park and S.H. Kim. 2009. Habitat enviornment and feeding habitat of Iksookimia koreensis and Cobitis lutheri (Pisces: Cobitidae) in the Mangyeong River, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 21: 253-261. (in Korean)
  23. Ko, M.H., S.J. Moon, S.J. Lee and I.C. Bang. 2012b. Community structure of fish and inhabiting status of endangered species, Cobitis choii and Gobiobotia naktongensis in the Ji Stream, a tributary of the Geum River drainage system of Korea. Korena J. Limnol., 45: 356-367. (in Korean)
  24. Ko, M.H., Y.K. Hong, H.L. Kim and I.C. Bang. 2014. Community structure of fish and inhabiting status of natural monument Cobitis choii in the Baekgok Stream, a rributary of the Geum River drainage systrem of Korea. Korena J. Ichthyol., 26: 99-111. (in Korean)
  25. Kottelat, M. 2012. Conspectus Cobitidum: An Inventory of the Loaches of the World (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei). Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl. 26: 1-199.
  26. Kwater. 2007. A Guidebook of Rivers in South Korea. Kwater, Daejeon, 582pp. (in Korean)
  27. Lee, I.R., Y.A. Lee, H. Shin, Y.K. Nam, W.J. Kim and I.C. Bang. 2008. Genetic diversity of an endangered fish, Iksookimia choii (Cypriniformes), from Korea as assessed by ampified fragment length polymorphism. Korean J. Limnol., 41: 98-103. (in Korean)
  28. Lee, H.Y., H.S. Lee and C.S. Park. 1986. Karyotype analysis and geographical polymorphism in Korean Cobitis. Korean J. Genetics, 8: 65-74. (in Korean)
  29. MAFRA (Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). 2010. The National Survey of Low Head Dams and Development of Database in Korea. 275pp. (in Korean)
  30. ME (Ministry of Environment). 1997-2008. National Environment Investigation of Freshwater fish.
  31. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2005. Enforcement of Wildlife Laws (Law No. 7167). (in Korean)
  32. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2009. Development of Genetic Diversity Analysis, Culture and Ecosystem Restoration Techniques for Endangered Fish, Iksookimia choii. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 537pp. (in Korean)
  33. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2011a. Culture and Restoration Research of Endangered Freshwater Fish (four species include Liobagrus obesus). Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 359pp. (in Korean)
  34. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2011b. Culture and Restoration of Endangered Species. Kongju National University, Gongju, 96pp.
  35. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2012. Conservation and Management Laws of Wildlife (Law No. 10977). (in Korean)
  36. MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs). 2010. Culture and Restoration of Endangered Species in the Major Four River Drainages, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 489pp. (in Korean)
  37. Nelson, J.S., T.C. Grande and M.V.H. Wilson. 2016. Fishs of the Word (Fifth edition). John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, p. 190.
  38. NIBR (National Institute of Biological Resources). 2011. Red Data Book of Endangered Fishes in Korea. Ministry of Environment, Incheon, 202pp. (in Korean)
  39. Oliva-Paterna, F.J., M.M. Torralva and C. Fernandez-Delgado. 2002. Age, growth and reproduction of Cobitis paludica in a seasonal stream. Fish Biol., 60: 389-404.
  40. Park, J.Y. and I.S. Kim. 2003. Variability of egg envelopes in Korean spined loaches (Cobitidae). Folia Biol., 51: 187-192.
  41. Przybylski, M. and M. Valladolid. 2000. Age and growth of Cobitis paludica in the Lozoya River (Central Spain). Folia Zool., 49 (Suppl.): 129-134.
  42. Ricker, W.E. 1971. Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwater. IBP hand book, 3: 112-13.
  43. Robotham, P.W.J. 1981. Age, growth and reproduction of a population of spined loach, Cobitis taenia (L.). Hydrobiologia, 85: 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006622
  44. Song, H.Y., W.J. Kim, W.O. Lee and I.C. Bang. 2008. Morphological development of egg and larvae of Iksookimia choii (Cobitidae). Korean J. Limnol., 41: 104-110. (in Korean)