Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회지)

Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회)
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Evaluation of yield and growth responses on paddy rice under the extremely high temperature using temperature gradient field chamber

온도구배야외챔버를 이용한 고온에서의 벼 생육반응 및 수량성 평가

  • Oh, Dohyeok (Department of Applied Plant Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Ryu, Jae-Hyun (Department of Applied Plant Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Cho, Yunhyeong (Department of Applied Plant Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Wonsik (National Agriculture and Food Research Organization) ;
  • Cho, Jaeil (Department of Applied Plant Science, Chonnam National University)
  • 오도혁 (전남대학교 농업생명과학대학 응용식물학과) ;
  • 류재현 (전남대학교 농업생명과학대학 응용식물학과) ;
  • 조윤형 (전남대학교 농업생명과학대학 응용식물학과) ;
  • 김원식 (일본국립연구개발법인 농업식품산업기술총합연구기구) ;
  • 조재일 (전남대학교 농업생명과학대학 응용식물학과)
  • Received : 2017.09.27
  • Accepted : 2018.02.08
  • Published : 2018.03.30
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Abstract

The effect of elevated temperature on temperate paddy rice will be significant for dependable food supply in East Asia. Using temperature gradient field chamber (TGFC), which was designed to make the horizontal air temperature gradient by $0^{\circ}C$ to $3^{\circ}C$ higher than outside, we examined the measurement to understand the effects of extremely high temperature on paddy rice. In particular, the data of the year 2016, the worst heat wave in over 22 years, was analyzed in this study. The rice height in the relatively warmed condition was rapidly increased during early growth stage. However, the average grain weight and number of spikelet per panicle in the warmed chamber condition were gradually declined with increasing air temperature averaged for 40 days after first heading in each chamber. In particular, the grain yield was more dramatically decreased by the raising temperature because the percent ripened grain was quickly dropped as getting over the threshold temperature for pollination. Therefore, the surplus photosynthetic product by such lower grain filling rate may disturbed the decreases of the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and SPAD chlorophyll values after first (normal) heading. In addition, the late-emerging head grain were appeared. However, this yield was too small to recover the normal yields decreased by extremely high temperature condition. Our result represented that the warmed condition in 2016 would be the critical limit for the stable yield of temperate paddy rice.

온난화에 따른 벼의 생산량 변화는 우리나라뿐만 아니라 동아시아의 식량 수급에 매우 중요한 이슈 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 야외 온도보다 $0{\sim}3^{\circ}C$ 높은 환경을 형성해 주는 야외 온도구배챔버(TGFC)를 이용하여 고온이 벼의 생육과 생산량에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. 챔버는 A, B, C 총 3개를 본 연구에 이용하였으며, C챔버는 출수기 이후 온도구배 처리를 하지 않았다. 벼 품종은 중만생종인 일미를 중묘로 이앙하였으며, 비료는 표준 시비량을 고려하여 N(질소) 9 kg, P(인) 4.5kg, K(칼륨) 5.7kg을 기준으로 처리하였다. A, B, C 모든 챔버에서 영양생장기 동안 고온 조건의 벼가 상대적으로 생육 속도가 빨랐다. 하지만, 출수 후 40일 동안의 평균 온도로 정의한 등숙기 온도가 계속 고온으로 유지될 경우 등숙률과 평균 종실 중이 온도에 비례하여 점진적으로 감소하였다. 특히 2016년 기상 조건을 기점으로 등숙기 온도가 증가함에 따라 불임이 증가하여 등숙률은 급격히 감소하였고, 그 영향으로 단위 면적당 수량도 크게 낮아졌다. 결국 동화산물의 분배 불균형을 초래해 출수 이후에도 잎의 엽록소 함량이 낮아지지 않았으며 비정상적인 늦이삭이 출현하였다. 하지만 늦이삭의 생산량이 고온으로 인해 감소한 정상 이삭의 생산량을 만회하기에는 매우 부족한 정도였다. 향후 지구 온난화로 인한 벼 생육기간의 고온은 벼의 생육을 촉진시키고, 출수 및 개화시기를 단축시키며 등숙기에도 고온이 지속 될 시 등숙률과 평균종실의 무게를 감소시켜 최종적으로 벼의 생산량 및 품질을 감소시킬 것으로 예측된다.

Keywords

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