Fig. 1. Contact angles of the homeotropic PI layers and FSAMs before and after rubbing treatment: (a-b) homeotropic PI and (c-d) FSAM.
Fig. 2. AFM images of the homeotropic PI layers and FSAMs before and after rubbing treatment: (a-b) homeotropic PI and (c-d) FSAM.
Fig. 3. Optical transmittance spectra of the LC cells with the homeotropic PI layers and FSAMs.
Fig. 4. LC orientations and pretilt angles: Photomicrographs of LC cells with (a) the homeotropic PI layer and (b) FSAMs (A: analyzer; P: polarizer) and the rotational transmittance curves obtained from the pretilt angle measurement (blue curve: simulated curve; red curve: experimental curve).
Fig. 5. Voltage-transmittance curve of VA LC cells with the homeotropic PI layers and FSAMs.
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