Fig. 1. Schematics of waterproofing composite structure with shotcrete (modified after Holter, 2015)
Fig. 2. Coulomb friction model (modified after Kim, 2014)
Fig. 3. Typical traction-separation response (modified after SIMULIA, 2014)
Fig. 4. Examples of failed specimens after direct shear tests at σn = 0.5 MPa (Park et al., 2018) according to thickness of membrane; (a) t = 3 mm, (b) t = 5 mm and (c) t = 7 mm
Fig. 5. Peak shear strengths of interfaces in composite and double-layered shotcrete specimens at different normal stress conditions (Park et al., 2018)
Fig. 6. Numerical analysis for material property of sprayable waterproofing membrane; (a) modeling of tensile test and (b) comparison between laboratory test and numerical analysis
Fig. 7. Schematics of numerical model for direct shear test
Fig. 8. Numerical analysis results for direct shear test used Coulomb friction model
Fig. 9. Relationship of shear stress-displacement with analytical variables; (a) cohesive stiffness, (b) the maximum stress of damage initiation and (c) fracturing energy at contact surface
Fig. 10. Comparison with direct shear test result and numerical analysis
Table 1. Results of direct shear test by Park et al. (2018)
Table 2. Interaction properties with 3 mm thickness of waterproofing membrane
Table 3. Cohesive interaction properties of waterproofing membrane
References
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