Tribology and Lubricants

Korean Tribology Society (한국트라이볼로지학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Tribological Performance of Ni-Cr Composite Coating Sprayed onto AISI 4340 (SNCM439) Steel by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel

  • Received : 2018.08.20
  • Accepted : 2018.10.23
  • Published : 2018.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we spray a Ni-Cr composite powder onto AISI 4340 steel using the high velocity oxygen fuel method. We subsequently subject the Ni-Cr coating (as-sprayed) to ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) process to improve the tribological performance. This study aims at increasing the wear resistance and durability of the Ni-Cr coating by altering the surface integrity and microstructure via the UNSM process. The UNSM process reduces the surface roughness of the as-sprayed coating by about 64%, which is explained by observing the elimination of high peaks and valleys and filling up micro-pores. Furthermore, a change in the microstructure of the coating due to continuous high-frequency strikes to the surface by a tip can lead to an increase in hardness from about 48 to 60 HRC. Furthermore, we investigate the characterization of the friction and wear behavior of Ni-Cr coating by a ball-on-disc tribometer in the dry conditions. We determine that after the UNSM process, there is a significant reduction in the friction coefficient of the as-sprayed coating from approximately 1.1 to 0.75. This is owing to the increased hardness and smoothed surface roughness. In addition, we investigate the surface morphology and wear track of the coatings before and after the UNSM process using a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and three-dimensional laser scanning microscope. We observe that the wear track of the Ni-Cr coating after the UNSM process is lower than that of the as-sprayed one. Thus, we confirm that the UNSM process has a significant influence on the improvement of the tribological performance of the Ni-Cr composite coating.

Keywords

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Surface morphology of the as-sprayed (a) and UNSM-treated (b) Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Surface morphology of the as-sprayed (a) and UNSM-treated (b) Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. 3D LSM images of the as-sprayed (a) and UNSM-treated (b) Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. 3D LSM images of the as-sprayed (a) and UNSM-treated (b) Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. EDS mapping of the as-sprayed (a) and UNSM-treated (b) Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. EDS mapping of the as-sprayed (a) and UNSM-treated (b) Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. Cross-sectional SEM images of the as-sprayed (a) and UNSM-treated (b) Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. Cross-sectional SEM images of the as-sprayed (a) and UNSM-treated (b) Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0005.png 이미지

Fig. 5. Comparison in the surface roughness of the as-sprayed and UNSM-treated Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0005.png 이미지

Fig. 5. Comparison in the surface roughness of the as-sprayed and UNSM-treated Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0006.png 이미지

Fig. 6. Comparison in the surface hardness of as-sprayed and UNSM-treated Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0006.png 이미지

Fig. 6. Comparison in the surface hardness of as-sprayed and UNSM-treated Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0007.png 이미지

Fig. 7. Comparison in the friction coefficient of the as-sprayed and UNSM-treated Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0007.png 이미지

Fig. 7. Comparison in the friction coefficient of the as-sprayed and UNSM-treated Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0008.png 이미지

Fig. 8. Comparison in the wear track profile of the as-sprayed and UNSM-treated Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0008.png 이미지

Fig. 8. Comparison in the wear track profile of the as-sprayed and UNSM-treated Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0009.png 이미지

Fig. 9. SEM images of wear tracks of the as-sprayed (a) and UNSM-treated (b) Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0009.png 이미지

Fig. 9. SEM images of wear tracks of the as-sprayed (a) and UNSM-treated (b) Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0010.png 이미지

Fig. 10. 3D LSM images of the as-sprayed (a) and UNSM-treated (b) Ni-Cr composite coatings.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_f0010.png 이미지

Fig. 10. 3D LSM images of the as-sprayed (a) and UNSM-treated (b) Ni-Cr composite coatings.

Table 1. UNSM process parameters

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_t0001.png 이미지

Table 1. UNSM process parameters

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Friction and wear test conditions

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_t0002.png 이미지

Table 2. Friction and wear test conditions

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Comparison in the chemical composition of the as-sprayed and UNSM-treated Ni-Cr composite coatings

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_t0003.png 이미지

Table 3. Comparison in the chemical composition of the as-sprayed and UNSM-treated Ni-Cr composite coatings

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_217_t0003.png 이미지

References

  1. Ak, N. F., Tekmen, C., Ozdemir, I., Soykan, H. S., Celik, E., "NiCr coatings on stainless steel by HVOF technique", Surf. Coat. Technol., Vol. 174-175, pp. 1070-1073, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00367-0
  2. Wirojanupatump, S., Shipway, P. H., McCarthey, D. G., "The influence of HVOF powder feedstock characteristics on the abrasive wear behavior of $Cr_xC_y$-NiCr coatings", Wear, Vol. 243, pp. 829-837, 2001.
  3. Ben Jemaa, M. C., Mnif, R., Elleuch, R., "Characterization of Ni-Cr coating failures deposited on CW614 substrate using friction coefficient evolution", Materiaux & Techniques, Vol. 101, No. 4, 2013.
  4. Cho, D. H., Lee, S. A., Lee, Y. Z., "The effects of surface roughness and coatings on the tribological behavior of the surfaces of a piston skirt", Trivol. Transact., Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 137-144, 2010.
  5. Amanov, A., "Wear resistance and adhesive failure of thermal spray ceramic coatings deposited onto graphite in response to ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification technique, App. Surf. Sci., (In Press) 2018.
  6. Cho, I. S., Amanov, A., Kim, J. D., "The effects of AlCrN coating, surface modification and their combination on the tribological properties of high speed steel under dry conditions", Tribol. Int., Vol. 81, pp. 61-72, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2014.08.003
  7. Amanov, A., Pyun Y. S., "A preliminary study on hybrid use of thermal spray coating and ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification technique on the tribological properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia coating", J. Tribol., Vol. 138, No. 3, pp. 032002-1(8), 2016.
  8. Amanov, A., Umarov, R., "The effect of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification temperature on mechanical properties and fretting wear resistance of Inconel 690 alloy", Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 441, pp. 515-529, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.293
  9. Starosta, R., "Effect of burnishing on surface texture of Ni-Al plasma sprayed coatings", J. KONES Powertrain Trans., Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 377-384, 2012.
  10. Holmberg, K., Matthews, "Coating tribology: A concept, critical aspects and future directions", Thin Solid Films, Vol. 253, pp. 179-178, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(94)90316-6
  11. Pawlowski, L., The Science and Engineering Thermal Spray Coatings, 2nd Edition, Chap. 6, pp. 246, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., England, UK, 2008. (ISBN: 978-0-471-49049-4).
  12. Yang, S. H., Kong, H., Yoon, E. S., Kim D. E., "An experimental study on the rolling resistance of silver-coatied films modified by plasma surface treatments", J. Korean Soc. Tribol. Lubr. Eng., Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 321-327, 1999.
  13. Skamat, J., Cernasejus, O., Viliulis, A. V., Cernasejiene, R., "Improving hardness of Ni-Cr-Si-B-Fe-C thermal spray coatings through grain refinement by vibratory treatment during refusion", Mater. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 207-214, 2015.
  14. Leu, D. K., "Modeling of surface roughness effect on dry contact friction in metal forming", Int. J. Advan. Manuf. Technol., Vol. 57, pp. 575-582, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3305-7
  15. Okada, R., Yamada, M., "Effect of heat treatment on hardness and wear resistance of WC-NiCr sprayed coatings", J. Japan Inst. Mat., Vol. 58, No. 7, pp. 763-767, 1994. https://doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.58.7_763
  16. Zhou, F., Suh, C. M., Kim, S. S., Murakami, R., "Wear mechanism of CrN coating on aluminum alloys deposited by AIP method", KSTLE Int. J., Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 43-48, 2002.
  17. Zhuang, Q., Zhang, P., Li, M., Yan, H., Yu, Z., Lu, Q., "Microstructure, wear resistance and oxidation behavior of Ni-Ti-Si coatings fabricated on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding", Materials, Vol. 10, No. 11, pp. 1248, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10111248
  18. Li, L., Li, G. L., Wang, H. D., Kang, J. J., Xu, Z. L., Wang, H. J., "Structure and wear behavior of NiCr-Cr3C2 coatings sprayed by supersonic plasma spraying and high velocity oxy-fuel technologies", App. Surf. Sci., Vol. 356, pp. 383-390, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.08.019