DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Clinical evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test kit for detection of canine coronavirus

  • Yoon, Seung-Jae (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Seo, Kyoung-Won (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Song, Kun-Ho (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2017.11.27
  • Accepted : 2018.03.20
  • Published : 2018.03.31

Abstract

Canine coronavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes enteritis in dogs of any age. Coronaviral enteritis is seldom definitively diagnosed, since it is usually much less severe than many other types of enteritis and is self-limiting. Conventional diagnostics for the canine coronaviral enteritis such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), virus isolation, and electron microscopic examination are inappropriate for small animal clinics due to the complicated experimental processes involved. Therefore, a commercially available lateral flow test kit based on chromatographic immunoassay techniques was tested to evaluate its performance as a first-line diagnostic test kit that could be used in clinics. The coronavirus antigen test kit detected canine coronavirus-infected dogs with 93.1% sensitivity and 97.5% specificity. The detection limit of the test kit was between $1.97{\times}10^4/mL$ and $9.85{\times}10^3/mL$ for samples with a 2-fold serial dilution from $1.25{\times}10^6\;TCID_{50}$ ($TCID_{50}$, 50% tissue culture infectious dose). Additionally, the test kit had no cross-reactivity with canine parvovirus, distemper virus, or Escherichia coli. Overall, the commercially available test kit showed good diagnostic performance in a clinical setting, with results similar to those from PCR, confirming their potential for convenient and accurate use in small animal clinics.

Keywords

References

  1. Appel MJ. Canine coronavirus. In: Appel MJ (ed.). Virus Infections of Carnivores. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1987.
  2. Binn LN, Lazar EC, Keenan KP, Huxsoll DL, Marchwicki RH, Strano AJ. Recovery and characterization of a coronavirus from military dogs with diarrhea. Proc Ann Meet U S Anim Health Assoc 1974, 359-366.
  3. Decaro N, Camero M, Greco G, Zizzo N, Tinelli A, Campolo M, Pratelli A, Buonavoglia C. Canine distemper and related diseases: report of a severe outbreak in a kennel. New Microbiol 2004, 27, 177-181.
  4. Decaro N, Campolo M, Elia G, Buonavoglia D, Colaianni ML, Lorusso A, Mari V, Buonavoglia C. Infectious canine hepatitis: an "old" disease reemerging in Italy. Res Vet Sci 2007, 83, 269-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.11.009
  5. Decaro N, Desario C, Elia G, Campolo M, Lorusso A, Mari V, Martella V, Buonavoglia C. Occurrence of severe gastroenteritis in pups after canine parvovirus vaccine administration: a clinical and laboratory diagnostic dilemma. Vaccine 2007, 25, 1161-1166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.10.020
  6. Decaro N, Martella V, Desario C, Bellacicco AL, Camero M, Manna L, D'Aloja D, Buonavoglia C. First detection of canine parvovirus type 2c in pups with haemorrhagic enteritis in Spain. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2006, 53, 468-472. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00974.x
  7. Greene CE. Canine coronaviral enteritis. In: Greene CE (ed). Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. pp. 281-283. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1990.
  8. Horzinek MC, Lutz H, Pedersen NC. Antigenic relationships among homologous structural polypeptides of porcine, feline, and canine coronaviruses. Infect Immun 1982, 37, 1148-1155.
  9. Iqbal J, Sher A, Rab A. Plasmodium falciparum histidinerich protein 2-based immunocapture diagnostic assay for malaria: cross-reactivity with rheumatoid factors. J Clin Microbiol 2000, 38, 1184-1186.
  10. Keenan KP, Jervis HR, Marchwicki RH, Binn LN. Intestinal infection of neonatal dogs with canine coronavirus 1-71: studies by virologic, histologic, histochemical, and immunofluorescent techniques. Am J Vet Res 1976, 37, 247-256.
  11. Martin HD, Zeidner NS. Concomitant cryptosporidia, coronavirus and parvovirus infection in a raccoon (Procyon lotor). J Wild Dis 1992, 28, 113-115. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-28.1.113
  12. Naylor MJ, Harrison GA, Monckton RP, McOrist S, Lehrbach PR, Deane EM. Identification of canine coronavirus strains from feces by S gene nested PCR and molecular characterization of a new Australian isolate. J Clin Microbiol 2001, 39, 1036-1041. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.3.1036-1041.2001
  13. Olsen CW. A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus: molecular biology, immunopathogenesis, clinical aspects, and vaccination. Vet Microbiol 1993, 36, 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(93)90126-R
  14. Pedersen NC, Ward J, Mengeling WL. Antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species. Arch Virol 1978, 58, 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01315534