Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (대한자기공명의과학회)
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Susceptibility Weighted Imaging of the Cervical Spinal Cord with Compensation of Respiratory-Induced Artifact

  • Lee, Hongpyo (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Nam, Yoonho (Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Gho, Sung-Min (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Han, Dongyeob (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Kim, Eung Yeop (Department of Radiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center) ;
  • Lee, Sheen-Woo (Department of Radiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Hyun (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University)
  • Received : 2018.05.30
  • Accepted : 2018.09.17
  • Published : 2018.12.30
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Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this study was to obtain improved susceptibility weighted images (SWI) of the cervical spinal cord using respiratory-induced artifact compensation. Materials and Methods: The artifact from $B_0$ fluctuations by respiration could be compensated using a double navigator echo approach. The two navigators were inserted in an SWI sequence before and after the image readouts. The $B_0$ fluctuation was measured by each navigator echoes, and the inverse of the fluctuation was applied to eliminate the artifact from fluctuation. The degree of compensation was quantified using a quality index (QI) term for compensated imaging using each navigator. Also, the effect of compensation was analyzed according to the position of the spinal cord using QI values. Results: Compensation using navigator echo gave the improved visualization of SWI in cervical spinal cord compared to non-compensated images. Before compensation, images were influenced by artificial noise from motion in both the superior (QI = 0.031) and inferior (QI = 0.043) regions. In most parts of the superior regions, the second navigator resulted in better quality (QI = 0.024, P < 0.01) compared to the first navigator, but in the inferior regions the first navigator showed better quality (QI = 0.033, P < 0.01) after correction. Conclusion: Motion compensation using a double navigator method can increase the improvement of the SWI in the cervical spinal cord. The proposed method makes SWI a useful tool for the diagnosis of spinal cord injury by reducing respiratory-induced artifact.

Keywords

References

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