Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
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Ecological Risk Assessment for Cadmium in Environmental Media

환경매체별 카드뮴의 생태위해성평가

  • Lee, Byeongwoo (Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Byoungcheun (Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yoon, Hyojung (Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Kyunghwa (Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Pilje (Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 이병우 (국립환경과학원 환경건강연구부 위해성평가연구과) ;
  • 이병천 (국립환경과학원 환경건강연구부 위해성평가연구과) ;
  • 윤효정 (국립환경과학원 환경건강연구부 위해성평가연구과) ;
  • 박경화 (국립환경과학원 환경건강연구부 위해성평가연구과) ;
  • 김필제 (국립환경과학원 환경건강연구부 위해성평가연구과)
  • Received : 2018.11.16
  • Accepted : 2018.12.18
  • Published : 2018.11.28
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Abstract

Objectives: We conducted ecological risk assessment for cadmium, a heavy metal and carcinogen, to identify safety standards by environmental media and to determine its impact on ecosystems by estimating and evaluating exposure levels. Methods: Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were generated using ECOTOX DB. A hazardous concentration of 5% (HC5) protective of most species (95%) in the environment was estimated. Using this estimate, predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) were calculated for aquatic organisms. Based on the calculated PNECs for aquatic organisms, PNEC values for soil and sediment were calculated using the partition coefficient. Predicted exposure concentrations (PECs) were also calculated from environmental monitoring data with hazard quotients (HQs) calculated using PNECs for environmental media. Results: Chronic toxicity data were categorized into four groups and 11 species. In species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analysis, HC5 was $0.340{\mu}g/L$. Based on this value, the PNEC value for aquatic organisms was calculated as $0.113{\mu}g/L$. PNEC values for soil and sediments using a partition coefficient were calculated as 15.02 mg/kg and 90.61 mg/kg, respectively. In an analysis of environmental monitoring data, PEC values were calculated as $0.017{\mu}g/L$ for water, 1.01 mg/kg for soil, and 0.521 mg/kg for sediment. Conclusions: HQs were 0.150, 0.067 and 0.006 for water, soil and sediment, respectively. HQs of secondary toxicity were 0.365 for birds and 0.024 for mammals. In principle, it is judged that an HQ above 1 indicates a high level of risk concern while an HQ less than 1 indicates an extremely low level of risk concern. Therefore, with HQs of cadmium in the environment being <1, its risk levels can be considered low for each media.

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