Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Phytoplankton Community and Surrounding Water Conditions in the Youngsan River Estuary: Weekly Variation in the Saltwater Zone

영산강 하구의 식물플랑크톤 군집 및 수 환경: 해수역의 주별 변동

  • Sin, Yongsik (Department Ocean System Engineering, Mokpo National Maritime University) ;
  • Yu, Haengsun (Department Ocean System Engineering, Mokpo National Maritime University)
  • 신용식 (목포해양대학교 해양시스템공학과) ;
  • 유행선 (목포해양대학교 해양시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2018.08.22
  • Accepted : 2018.12.11
  • Published : 2018.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study we conducted a weekly monitoring exercise at a fixed station in the saltwater zone during the dry season (Jan-Mar, 2013) and wet season (Jun-Aug, 2013) to understand the fluctuations in phytoplankton communities and environmental factors in the Youngsan River estuary altered by a dike constructed in the coastal area. Phytoplankton communities displayed seasonality; diatoms were dominant during the dry season whereas dinoflagellates were dominant during the wet season. T-test analysis showed that water temperature was significantly different between the seasons whereas freshwater discharge from the dike was not significantly different. This suggests that seasonal variations of phytoplankton are more likely affected by water temperature than freshwater discharge. However, a short-term fluctuation was also observed in response to freshwater discharge; freshwater species appeared during or after the discharge in the dry and wet seasons and blooms of harmful species developed after the discharge. Phytoplankton communities may be affected by changes in physical factors such as turbidity and salinity and nutrient supply resulting from freshwater discharge. Especially, the nutrient supply may directly contribute to the harmful algal blooms (HABs) composed of dinoflagellates which can adapt to low salinity after freshwater discharge.

Keywords

References

  1. National Institute of Fisheries Science (2008) Harmful algal blooms in Korean coastal waters in 2007. National Institute of Fisheries Science, 127 p
  2. National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (1997) Recent Red Tides in Korean Coatal Waters. National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 53 p
  3. Kwon KY, Youn SH, Lee JS (2009) The spatial and temporal variation of phytoplankton in Youngsan River Estuary. In: 2009 J Korean Soc Mar Environ Saf, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan, Jun 4-5th 2009, pp 149-150
  4. Kim YK, Park JW, Jang KG, Lee WH (2009) Cyclic change of phytoplankton community in Mankyeong River Estuary prior to the completion of the Saemankeum seawall. Ocean Polar Res 31(1):63-70 https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2009.31.1.063
  5. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (2014) A study on planning establish water management system of freshwater lake according to extention at drainage sluice gate of Yongsan river. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 211 p
  6. Park GW, Lee DH, Shin YS (2017) Tidal influence on physical parameters and phytoplankton size structure in Youngsan River Estuary during neap tide. J Environ Sci Int 26(3):325-334 https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2017.26.3.325
  7. Park YJ (1987) Ecological survey on the marine environments in Yeongsan River estuary and after the enclosure of a dam. M.S. Thesis, Chosun University, 70 p
  8. Park JS, Yoon YH, Oh SJ (2009) Variational Characteristics of Phytoplankton Community in the Mouth Parts of Gamak Bay, Southern Korea. Korean J Envron Biol 27(2):205-215
  9. Park C, Lee DB, Lee CR, Yang SR, Jeong BK (2008) Variation in planktonic assemblages in Asan Bay during the winter-spring Bloom. The Sea 13(4):308-319
  10. Shin YS, Yoon BB (2011) Change in taxonomic composition of phytoplankton and environmental factors after construction of dike in Yeongsan River estuary. Korean J Environ Biol 29(3):212-224
  11. Shim JH (1994) Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea vol. 34 marine phytoplankton. Ministry of education, Seoul, 473 p
  12. Yang ER, Jeong BK, Lee EJ, Ryu DK, Shin YS (2014) Size and species composition of phytoplankton related to anthropogenic environmental changes in Doam bay. J Environ Sci Int 23(6):1183-1197 https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2014.23.6.1183
  13. Yoon BB, Lee EJ, Kang TA, Shin YS (2013) Long-term change of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a), environmental factors and freshwater discharge in Youngsan estuary. Korean J Ecol Environ 46(2):205-214 https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2013.46.2.205
  14. Yoon YH (1999) The characteristics on the spatio-temporal distributions of Phytoplankton communities in Deukryang Bay, Southwestern Korea. Korean J Envron Biol 17(4):481-492
  15. Yi SH, Shin YS, Yang SY, Park C (2005) Seasonal characteristics of phytoplankton distribution in Asan bay. Ocean Polar Res 27(2):149-159 https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2005.27.2.149
  16. Lee SK, Boo SM (1998) Seasonal change of phytoplankton in the Nambangjae Pond, Asan. Korean J Limnol 31(3):181-185
  17. Lee YJ, Min JO, Shin YS, Kim SH, Shin KH (2011) Temporal and spatial variations of primary productivity in Estuary of Youngsan river and Mokpo coastal areas. Korean J Limnol 44(4):327-336
  18. Jeong BK, Sin YS, Yang YR, Park C (2011) Monthly variation of phytoplankton community in Asan bay, Korea. The Sea 16(4):238-245 https://doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2011.16.4.238
  19. Jeong BK (2014) A study on ecological properties and mechanism of growth inhibition of dinoflagellate in the Yeongsan river estuary. Ph.D. Thesis, Mokpo National Maritime University, 46 p
  20. Jeong YH (1968) Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea vol. 9 fresh Water Algae. Ministry of education, Seoul, 573 p
  21. Chung IK, Kang YJ, Kwon OS, Seo JK (2000) The ecology of phytoplankon in the Naktong estuary. Algae 15(2):99-110
  22. Cho ES, Lee SY, Kim SS, Choi YS (2007) Marine environments and ecological characteristics of phytoplankton in southern coastal waters during june to october in 2004-2006. J Environ Sci Int 16(8):941-957 https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2007.16.8.941
  23. Cho ES (2010) Variations in marine environments and phytoplankton community around Mokpo harbour. J Environ Sci Int 19(11):1323-1336 https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2010.19.11.1323
  24. Choi JK (2003) Biological Oceanography in Korean = the plankton ecology of Korean coastal waters. Donghwa technology publishing company, Seoul, 51 p
  25. Alvarez-Gongora C, Herrera-Silveira JA (2006) Variations of phytoplankton community structure related to water quality trends in a tropical karstic coastal zone. Mar Pollut Bull 52:48-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.08.006
  26. Aizdaicher NA, Markina ZV (2010) The effect of decrease in salinity on the dynamics of abundance and the cell size of Corethron hystrix (Bacillariophyta) in laboratory culture. Ocean Sci J 45:1-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-010-0001-8
  27. Bode A, Varela M, Prego R, Rozada F, Santos MD (2017) The relative effects of upwelling and river flow on the phytoplankton diversity patterns in the ria of a Coruna (NW Spain). Mar Biol 161:94-108
  28. Cloern JE, Jassby AD (2012) Drivers of change in estuarinecoastal ecosystems: discoveries from four decades of study in San Francisco Bay. Rev Geophysics 50:397-430
  29. Grzebyk D, Berland B (1996) Influences of temperature, salinity and irradiance on growth of prorocentrum minimum (Dinophyceae) from the Mediterranean Sea. J Plankton Res 18:1837-1849 https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/18.10.1837
  30. Hajdu S, Edler L, Olenina I, Witek B (2000) Spreading and establishment of the potentially toxic dinoflagellate prorocentrum minimum in the Baltic Sea. Internat. Rev Hydrobiol 85:561-575 https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2632(200011)85:5/6<561::AID-IROH561>3.0.CO;2-3
  31. Harrison PJ, Piontkovski S, Al-Hashmi K (2017) Understanding how physical-biological coupling influences harmful algal blooms, low oxygen and fish kills in the Sea of Oman and the Western Arabian Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 114:25-34 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.008
  32. Holm-Hansen O, Lorenzen CJ, Holms RW, Strickland JD (1965) Fluorometric determination of chlorophyll. ICES J Mar Sci 30:3-15 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/30.1.3
  33. Kondo K, Seike Y, Date Y (1990) Red tides in the brackish Lake Nakanoumi. (II). Relationships between the occurrence of prorocentrum minimum red tide and environmental conditions. Bull Plankton Soc Japan 37:19-34
  34. Landsberg JH (2002) The effects of harmful algal blooms on aquatic organisms. Rev Fish Sci 10:113-390 https://doi.org/10.1080/20026491051695
  35. Nayar S, Goh BPL, Chou LM (2005) Dynamics in the size structure of skeletonema costatum (Greville) cleve under conditions of reduced photosynthetically available radiation in a dredged tropical estuary. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 318:163-182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2004.12.013
  36. Parsons TR, Maita Y, Lalli CM (1984) A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis. Pergamon press, New York, 22 p
  37. Rabalais NN, Turner RE, Wiseman Jr WJ (2002) Gulf of Mexico hypoxia, aka "The dead zone". Ann Rev Ecol Syst 33:235-263 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150513
  38. Reynolds CS, Godfrey SWBM, Butterwick C (1983) Some effects of artificial mixing on the dynamics of the phytoplankton population in large liminetic enclosures. J Plankton Res 5:203-234 https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/5.2.203
  39. Ryther JH (1969) Photosynthesis and fish production in the sea. Science 166:72-76 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.166.3901.72
  40. Silva ES (1985) Ecological factors related to Prorocentrum minimum blooms in Obidos lagoon (Portugal). Elsevier, New York, 251 p
  41. Smayda TJ (1980) Phytoplankton species succession. In: Morris I (ed) The physiological ecology of phytoplankton. Blackwell, Oxford, 493 p
  42. Sommer U, Gliwicz ZM, Lampert W, Duncan A (1986) The PEG-model of seasonal succession of planktonic events in fresh waters. Arch Hydrobiol 106:443-471
  43. Sin YS, Hyun BG, Bach QD, Yang SR, Park C (2012) Phytoplankton size and taxonomic composition in a temperate estuary influenced by monsoon. Estuar Coast 35:839-852 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9470-y
  44. Sin YS, Hyan BK, Jeong BK, So HY (2013) Impacts of eutrophic freshwater inputs on water quality and phytoplankton size structure in a temperate estuary altered by a sea dike. Mar Environ Res 85:54-63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.01.001
  45. Sin YS, Lee EJ, Lee YJ, Shin KH (2015) The river-estuarine continuum of nutrients and phytoplankton communities in an estuary physically divided by a sea dike. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 163:279-289 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.12.028
  46. Sin YS, Jeong BK (2015) Short-term variations of phytoplankton communities in response to anthropogenic stressors in a highly altered temperate estuary. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 156:83-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.09.022