DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

모험적 여가활동의 인지 차원 척도 개발과 모형검증

A Cognitive Scale Development and Psychological Model Verification of the Pursuit of Adventure Leisure Activities

  • 곽재현 (계명대학교 관광경영학과) ;
  • 홍경완 (계명대학교 관광경영학과)
  • Kwak, Jae-Hyun (Department of Tourism Management, Keimyung University) ;
  • Hong, Kyung-Wan (Department of Tourism Management, Keimyung University)
  • 투고 : 2018.01.04
  • 심사 : 2018.03.20
  • 발행 : 2018.03.28

초록

본 연구의 목적은 여가체험으로서의 모험적 활동을 탐색하고 인지적 체험과 정서적 체험, 그리고 만족과 지속의도의 구조적 관계를 확인하는 것이다. 예비연구를 통해 도출된 척도를 토대로 실증적인 연구를 수행하였고. 고독감, 자기향상감, 자연신비감, 도전감, 대인신뢰감을 포함하는 5가지 인지적 체험차원이 도출되었으며 세부적인 문항은 총 20개이다. 실증분석 결과, 모험적 여가 참가자들은 체험의 인지적 요소들을 어떻게 지각하는가에 따라 자신들의 감정이 결정될 수 있다는 점이 발견되었으며, 감정체험은 다시 전반적인 체험만족과 지속의도에 영향을 준다는 사실을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 각성과 즐거움이 고독감, 자연신비감, 도전감, 대인신뢰감 등의 모험적 여가활동의 인지적 체험과 체험 만족을 연결해주는 매개 변수의 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 결국 각성과 즐거움의 두 감정체험차원은 모험적 여가활동을 설명하는 핵심적인 기제임이 확인된 것이다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과가 모험적 여가의 중요성을 학계에 알리는 계기가 되길 바라며, 연구자들로 하여금 생산적인 후속 연구가 촉발되길 기대한다.

The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of participants in the adventurous leisure activities and to examine the structural relations of the cognitive experience, the emotional experience and adherence intention. Robust quantitative measures were developed from rich qualitative data. The five dimensions selected from two preliminary tests were being away, technical enhancement, fascination with nature, challenge, and interpersonal trust. The cognitive dimensions have a significant effect on the emotional arousal - pleasure dimension. Our study also shows a positive causal relationship between emotional experience and adherence intention. Implications of this study include 1) a developed questionnaire for measuring the cognitive experience dimension of adventure leisure and establishing a foundation for future research, and 2) an identified psychological model among cognitive, emotion, and intention. We offer opportunities to better understand the psychological factors that motivate participation in adventure leisure.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. J. Swarbrooke, C. Beard, S. Leckie & G. Pomfret. (2003). Adventure tourism : The new frontier. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann.
  2. Y. Mu & S. Nepal. (2016). High mountain adventure tourism: Trekkers' perceptions of risk and death in Mt. Everest region. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(5), 500-511. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2015.1062787
  3. J. H. Park. (2017). A study on the effective ways of charity campaigns: focused on a classification of charity case studies. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 8(12), 227-234. https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2017.8.2.227
  4. C. Chen & L. Leung. (2016). Are you addicted to Candy Crush Saga? An exploratory study linking psychological factors to mobile social game addiction. Telematics and Informatics, 33(4), 1155-1166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.11.005
  5. S. H. Kim. (2018). The effect of life sports participation of life sports athletes in Mungyung city on life satisfaction. Journal of Convergence for Information Technology, 8(1), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.22156/CS4SMB.2018.8.1.123
  6. S. W. Lee. (2015). Effects of positive attitude of laughter recreation convergence education on psychological happiness. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 6(5), 295-302. https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2015.6.5.295
  7. J. H. Park & K. J. Lee. (2017). Realization of user-centered smart factory system using motion recognition. Journal of Convergence for Information Technology, 7(6), 153-158. https://doi.org/10.22156/CS4SMB.2017.7.6.153
  8. E. J. Arnould & L. L. Price. (1993). Rivermagic: Extraordinary experience and extended service encounter. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(June), 24-45. https://doi.org/10.1086/209331
  9. A. W. Ewert & S. J. Hollenhorst. (1997). Adventure recreation and its implications for wilderness. International Journal of Wilderness, 3(2), 21-26.
  10. P. Lynch & M. Dibben. (2016). Exploring motivations for adventure recreation events: A New Zealand study. Annals of Leisure Research, 19(1), 80-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2015.1031804
  11. T. D. Hinch & J. E. S. Higham. (2001). Sports tourism: A framework for research. International Journal of Tourism Research, 3, 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-1970(200101/02)3:1<45::AID-JTR243>3.0.CO;2-A
  12. M. S. Houge & J. H. Kerr. (2017). Positive motivational experience over a three-day outdoor adventure trek in Peru. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 17(1), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2016.1189837
  13. R. C. Mannell, D. A. Kleiber, & M. Staempfli. (2016). In A handbook of leisure studies. Psychology and social psychology and the study of leisure, Palgrave Macmillan: London, UK.
  14. D. E. Little. (2002). Women and adventure recreation: Reconstructing leisure constraints and adventure experiences to negotiate continuing participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 34(2), 157-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2002.11949967
  15. M. J. Kane & R. Zink. (2004). Package adventure tours: Markers in serious leisure careers. Leisure Studies, 23(4), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/0261436042000231655
  16. M. E. Farber & T. E. Hall. (2007). Emotion and environment: Visitors' extraordinary experiences along the Dalton Highway in Alaska. Journal of Leisure Research, 39(2), 248-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2007.11950107
  17. J. C. Chebat & R. Michon. (2003). Impact of ambient odors on mall shoppers' emotions, cognition and spending. Journal of Business Research, 56(7), 529-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00247-8
  18. D. C. Park. (2017). Effect of movie audience's degree of attention on experience of presence, emotional touch, memory. Journal of Digital Convergence, 15(4), 413-419. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2017.15.4.413
  19. J. A. Russell & G. Pratt. (1980). A description of the affective quality attributed to environments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 311-322. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.38.2.311
  20. S. Menon & B. Kahn. (2002). Cross-category effects of induced arousal and pleasure on the internet shopping experience. Journal of Retailing, 78, 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(01)00064-1
  21. A. Mehrabian & J. A. Russell. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. Cambridge, MA, USA: The MIT Press.
  22. J. A. Russell. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(6), 1160-1178.
  23. A. Mattila & Z. Wirtz. (2000). The role of pre-consumption affect in post-purchase evaluation of service. Psychology & Marketing, 17(7), 587-605. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(200007)17:7<587::AID-MAR2>3.0.CO;2-3
  24. H. Mano & R. L. Oliver. (1993). Assessing the dimensionality and structure of the consumption experience: Evaluation, feeling and satisfaction. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(3), 451-466. https://doi.org/10.1086/209361
  25. D. S. Youm. (2017). The effect of perceived enjoyment and user characteristics on intention of continuous use of mobile social network games: Focusing on mediation effect of flow experience. Journal of Digital Convergence, 15(9), 415-425. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2017.15.9.415
  26. L. Feldman. (1998). Discrete emotions or dimensions? The role of valence focus and arousal focus. Cognition and Emotion, 12(4), 579-599. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999398379574
  27. R. K. Dishman. (1988). Exercise adherence: Its impact on public health. Champaign, IL, USA: Human Kinetics.
  28. R. S. Weinberg & D. Gould. (1995). Foundations of sport exercise psychology. Champaign, IL, USA: Human Kinetics.
  29. L. M. Wankel. (1993). The importance of enjoyment to adherence and psychological benefits from physical activity. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24(2), 151-169.
  30. R. F. Devellis (2012). Scale development: Theory and applications (3rd). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  31. P. E. Spector. (1992). Summated rating scale construction: An introduction. Newbury Park, London, UK: Sage.
  32. N. McIntyre & J. W. Roggenbuck. (1998). Nature/person transaction during an outdoor adventure experience: A multiphasic analysis. Journal of Leisure Research, 30(4), 401-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1998.11949841
  33. I. Ajzen. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665-683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x
  34. E. McAuley & L. Jacobson. (1991). Self-efficacy and exercise participation in sedentary adult females. American Journal of Health Promotion, 5(3), 185-207. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-5.3.185
  35. F. M. Floyd. (1997). Pleasure, arousal, and dominance: Exploring affective determinants of recreation satisfaction. Leisure Science, 19(2), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409709512241
  36. T. Lam & C. H. C. Hsu. (2006). Predicting behavioral intention of choosing a travel destination. Tourism Management, 27(4), 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.02.003
  37. J. F. Hair, R. E. Anderson, B. J. Babin, & W. C. Black. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Vol. 7). Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson.
  38. R. B. Hull. (1990). Mood as a product of leisure: Causes on consequences. Journal of Leisure Research, 22(2), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1990.11969818
  39. L. Zarantonello & B. H. Schmitt. (2013). The impact of event marketing on brand equity: The mediating roles of brand experience and brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 32(2), 255-280. https://doi.org/10.2501/IJA-32-2-255-280
  40. J. E. Bigne, L. Andreu, & J. Gnoth. (2005). The theme park experience: An analysis of pleasure, arousal and satisfaction. Tourism Management, 26(6), 833-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.05.006
  41. A. Yeksel & F. Yeksel. (2007). Shopping risk perceptions: Effects on tourists' emotions, satisfaction and expressed loyalty intentions. Tourism Management, 28(3), 703-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.04.025
  42. A. Bandura. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales: In F. Pajares & T. Urdan (Eds.). Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents, 5, 307-337.
  43. C. S. Andreassen, T. Torsheim, & G. S. Brunborg. (2012). Pallesen, S. Development of a facebook addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501-517. https://doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517
  44. E. Guadagnoli & W. F. Velicer. (1988). Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin, 103(2), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.265
  45. H. U. Shin & B. R. Kang. (2014). A study on development of the job functional assessment scale for people with disabilities. Journal of Digital Convergence, 12(4), 379-397. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2014.12.4.379