Korean Journal of Veterinary Service (한국동물위생학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Service (한국동물위생학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Pathological findings of the mixed infection with canine distemper virus and Streptococcus canis on farmed badger

  • Kim, Ji-hyeon (Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) ;
  • Lee, Kyunghyun (Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) ;
  • Jung, Ji-Youl (Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) ;
  • Choi, Eun-Jin (Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) ;
  • Kim, Ha-Young (Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) ;
  • So, ByungJae (Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency)
  • Received : 2018.02.23
  • Accepted : 2018.03.19
  • Published : 2018.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Herein, we report a case of badgers showing high morbidity and mortality rate due to the mixed infection of canine distemper virus (CDV) and Streptococcus canis (S. canis) in a farm where wild animal, badger, is being reared for herbal medicine. During the period of about one month, 120 out of 320 badgers showed severe respiratory symptoms and died, and 3 bodies were submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency for disease diagnosis. The lung with the most severe necropsy findings failed to collapse and showed dark reddening and had yellowish nodules on the cut surface. The characteristic and common histopathologic findings include multifocal necrosis with hemorrhage of the lung, severe lymphoid depletion of the spleen and intracytoplasmic or intranuclear inclusion bodies in almost all organs. Finally, CDV and S. canis were identified by immunohistochemistry and bacterial isolation, respectively. This is the first mixed infection case of CDV and S. canis in badgers being raised on the farm.

Keywords

References

  1. Aguiar DM, Amude AM, Santos LGF, Ribeiro MG, Ueno TEH, Megid J, Paes AC, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA, Gennari SM. 2012. Canine distemper virus and Toxoplasma gondii co-infection in dogs with neurological signs. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 64: 221-224. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352012000100032
  2. Amude AM, Alfieri AA, Alfieri AF. 2006. The nervous form of canine distemper. Vet. e Zootec 13: 125-136.
  3. An DJ, Kim TY, Song DS, Kang BK, Park BK. 2008. An immunochromatography assay for rapid antemortem diagnosis of dogs suspected to have canine distemper. J Virol Methods 147: 244-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.09.006
  4. Chen CC, Pei JC, Liao MH, Mortenson JA. 2008. Canine distemper virus in wild Ferret-Badgers of Taiwan. J Wildl Dis 44: 440-445. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-44.2.440
  5. Cho AR, Roh YS, Cho HS, Lim CW, Kang SJ, Kim HY, Kim JW, Kim BS. 2015. Case report : Canine distemper virus infection in a wild Korean raccoon dog. J Prev Vet Med 39: 29-32. https://doi.org/10.13041/jpvm.2015.39.1.29
  6. Cho HS, Park NY. 2005. Detection of canine distemper virus in blood samples by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 52: 410-413. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00886.x
  7. Chvala S, Benetka V, Mostl K, Zeugswetter F, Spergser J, Weissenbock H. 2007. Simultaneous canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, and Mycoplasma cynos infection in a dog with pneumonia. Vet Pathol 44: 508-12. https://doi.org/10.1354/vp.44-4-508
  8. Deem SL, Spelman LH, Yates RA, Montali RJ. 2000. Canine distemper in terrestrial carnivores: a review. J Zoo Wildl Med 31: 441-451. https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2000)031[0441:CDITCA]2.0.CO;2
  9. Dungworth DL. 1993. The respiratory system. In: Pathology of Domestic Animals, ed. Jubb KVF, Kennedy PC, and Palmer N, 4th ed. pp.539-698. Academic Press, London.
  10. Facklam R. 2002. What happened to the streptococci: overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes. Clin Microbiol Rev 15: 613-630. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.15.4.613-630.2002
  11. Fischer K. 1965. Staupe-Encephalitis bei Dachsen. Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 107: 87-91.
  12. Ford RB. 2012. Canine infectious repiratory disease. In: Infectious diseases of the dog and cat, ed. Greence CE. 4th ed., pp. 55-65. Elsevier, St Louis, MO.
  13. Goller KV, Fyumagwa RD, Nikolin V, East ML, Kilewo M, Speck S, Muller T, Matzke M, Wibbelt G. 2010. Fatal canine distemper infection in a pack of African wild dogs in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania. Vet Microbiol 14: 245-252.
  14. Hammer AS, Dietz H, Andersen T, Nielsen L, Blixenkrone-Moller M. 2004. Distemper virus as a cause of central nervous disease and death in badgers (Meles meles) in Denmark. Vet Rec 154: 527-530. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.154.17.527
  15. Headley SA, Sukura A. 2009. Naturally occurring systemic canine distemper virus infection in a pup. Braz J Vet Pathol 2: 95-101.
  16. Kim JH, Roh IS, Bae EJ, Jean YH, Hwang EK, Sohn JH, Choi SH. 1997. Canine distemper virus infection in badgers. Korean J Vet Pathol 1: 145-148.
  17. Liang CT, Chueh LL, Pang VF, Zhuo YX, Liang SC, Yu CK, Chiang H, Lee CC, Liu CH. 2007. A nonbiotin polymerized horseradish-peroxidase method for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of canine distemper. J Comp Pathol 137: 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.04.013
  18. Meertens N, Stoffel MH, Cherpillod P, Wittek R, Vandevelde M, Zurbriggen N. 2003. Mechanism of reduuction of virus release and cell-cell fusion in persistent canin distemper virus infection. Acta Neuropathol 106: 486-494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-003-0754-6
  19. Moretti L, Da Silva AV, Ribeiro MG, Paes AC, Langoni H. 2006. Toxoplasma gondii genotyping in a dog co-infected with distemper virus and ehrlichiosis rickettsia. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 48: 359-363. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652006000600012
  20. Munson L, Terio KA, Kock R, Mlengeya T, Roelke ME, Dubovi E, Summers B, Sinclair ARE, Packer C. 2008. Climate extremes promote fatal co-infections during canine distemper extremes promote fatal co-infections during canince distemper epidemics In African lions. PLoS One 3: e2545. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002545
  21. Murase T, Morita T, Sunagawa Y, Sawada M, Shimada A, Sato K, Hikasa Y. 2003. Isolation of Streptococcus canis from a Japanese raccoon dog with firinous pleuropneumonia. Vet Rec 153: 471-472. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.153.15.471
  22. Park S, Choi US, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Lee HB, Cho HS, Kim W, Lim CW, Kim B. 2016. Coinfection with Hepatozoon sp. and Canine Distemper Virus in a Yellow-throated Marten (Martes flavigula koreana) in Korea. J Wildl Dis 52: 414-417. https://doi.org/10.7589/2015-04-086
  23. Perrone D, Bender S, Niewiesk S. 2010. A comparison of the immune responses of dogs exposed to canine distemper virus (CDV) - Differences between vaccinated and wild-type virus exposed dogs. Can J Vet Res 74: 214-217.
  24. Philippa J, Fournier-Chambrillon C, Fournier P, Schafteraar W, van de Bildt M, van Herweijnen R, Kuiken T, Liabeuf M, Ditcharry S, Joubert L. 2008. Serologic survey for selected viral pathogens in free-ranging endangered European mink (Mustela lutreola) and other mustelids from south-western France. J Wildl Dis 44: 791-801. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.791
  25. Rudd PA, Cattaneo R, Von Messling V. 2006. Canine distemper virus uses both the anterograde and the hematogenous pathway for neuroinvasion. J Virol 80: 9361-9370. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01034-06
  26. Sliki JT, Cooper EJ, Gustavson JP. 2002. Emerging morbilliirus infections of marine mammals: development of two diagnositc approaches. Ann N Y Acad Sci 969: 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04350.x
  27. Vandevelde M, Zurbriggen A. 2005. Demyelination in canine distemper virus infection: a review. Acta Neuropathol 109: 56-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-004-0958-4