한국산업보건학회지 (Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene)

  • 제28권4호
  • /
  • Pages.382-392
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 2384-132X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2289-0564(eISSN)
한국산업보건학회 (Korean Industrial Hygiene Association)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

DNA 기반 곰팡이 평가기법을 활용한 주택의 실내 곰팡이 노출수준 평가

Evaluation of Indoor Mold Exposure Level in dwelling Using DNA-Based Mold Assessment Method

  • 황은설 (국립환경과학원 생활환경연구과) ;
  • 서성철 (을지대학교 보건환경안전학과) ;
  • 이주영 (국립환경과학원 생활환경연구과) ;
  • 류정민 (국립환경과학원 생활환경연구과) ;
  • 권명희 (국립환경과학원 생활환경연구과) ;
  • 정현미 (국립환경과학원 생활환경연구과) ;
  • 조용민 ((주)스마티브 생명환경연구소) ;
  • 이정섭 (국립환경과학원 생활환경연구과)
  • Hwang, Eun-Seol (Indoor Environment and Noise Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Seo, Sung Chul (Department of Environmental Health and Safety, College of Health Industry, Eulji University) ;
  • Lee, Ju-Yeong (Indoor Environment and Noise Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Ryu, Jung-min (Indoor Environment and Noise Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kwon, Myung-Hee (Indoor Environment and Noise Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Chung, Hyen-Mi (Indoor Environment and Noise Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Cho, Yong-Min (Institute for Life and Environment Technology, Smartive Corporation) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Sub (Indoor Environment and Noise Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 투고 : 2018.10.25
  • 심사 : 2018.12.07
  • 발행 : 2018.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Objective: Allergic diseases such as asthma due to fungal exposure in houses have increased, and proper management is urgent. Mold can grow in the air, floor, walls, and other areas according to environmental conditions, and there are many limitations to the conventional methodology for examining fungal exposure. For this reason, the degree of fungal contamination is being evaluated by ERMI (Environmental Relative Moldiness Index), a quantitative analysis method proposed by the EPA. In this study, we compared ERMI values between water-damaged dwellings and non-damaged ones to evaluate the effectiveness of Korean ERMI values. We also explored the association of ERMI values with the level of airborne mold and characteristics of dwellings. Methods: Floor dust was collected after installing a Dustream collector on the suction port of a vacuum cleaner. The collected samples were filtered to remove only 5 mg of dust, and DNA was extracted using the FastDNA SPIN KIT protocol. Results: The ERMI values were found to be 19.6 (-6.9-58.8) for flooded houses, 7.5 (-29.2-48.3) for leaks/condensation, and 0.8 (-29.2-37.9) for non-damaged dwellings. The airborne concentration of mold for flooded, leakage or condensed, and non-damaged houses were $684CFU/m^3$, $566CFU/m^3$, and $378CFU/m^3$, respectively. The correlation between ERMI values and the levels of airborne mold was low (R = 0.038), but a weakly significant association of the ERMI values with the concentration of particulate matter ($PM_{10}$) was observed as well(R=0.231,P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings show that the reference value using ERMI can be used to distinguish water-damaged and non-damaged dwellings. It is believed that ERMI values could be a promising tool for assessing long-term fungal exposure in dwellings.

키워드

SOOSB1_2018_v28n4_382_f0001.png 이미지

Figure 1. EPA ERMI graph and evaluation standard

SOOSB1_2018_v28n4_382_f0002.png 이미지

Figure 2. The levels of ERMI by each dwelling type: (a) Flooded, leaked, and non-damaged dwellings, respectively (b) Water-damaged and non-damaged dwellings, respectively

SOOSB1_2018_v28n4_382_f0003.png 이미지

Figure 3. The levels of airborne mold by each dwelling type: (a) Flooded, leaked, and non-damaged dwellings, respectively (b) Water-damaged and non-damaged dwellings, respectively

Table 1. Mold cell amount of ERMI species by dwelling type

SOOSB1_2018_v28n4_382_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Correlation between environmental factors

SOOSB1_2018_v28n4_382_t0002.png 이미지

참고문헌

  1. Ahn GR, Kim BY, Kim JE, Son BS, Park MK, Kim SY, Kwon HY, Kim SH. Study on Sampling Method for Mold from Indoor Air in Domestic Environment. J Korean Odor Indoor Environ 2017;16(1):47-53 https://doi.org/10.15250/joie.2017.16.1.47
  2. Cho YM, Ryu SH, Choi MS, Seo SC, Choung JT, Choi JW. Airborne Fungi Concentrations and Related Factors in the Home. J Korean Environ Health 2013;39(5):438-446 https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2013.39.5.438
  3. Chen CH. Chao HJ, Shen WC, Chen BY, Lin KT, Guo YL, Vesper S. Pilot Study of Mold in House of Asthmatic Children in Taipei, Taiwan, using the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index. J Aerobiologia 2015;31(2)213-218 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-014-9358-y
  4. Delphine M, Jean-Pierre G, Tiuna R, Larry W, Steohen V, Pierre LC. Correlation between ERMI values in French dwellings and other measures of fungal contamination. J Sci Total Environ 2012;438(1):319-324 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.085
  5. Garrett MH, Rayment PR, Hooper MA, Abramson MJ, Hooper BM. Indoor airborne fungal spores, house dampness and associations with environmental factors and respiratory health in children. J Clin Exp Allergy 1998;28(4):459-467 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1998.00255.x
  6. Goh V, Yap HM, Gutierrez RA, Ng LC, Vesper SS. DNA-Based Analyses of Molds in Singapore Public Buildings Results in a Proposed Singapore Environmental Relative Moldiness Index. J Trop Biomed 2014;31(4):663-669
  7. Hargreaves M, Parappukkaran S, Morawska L, Hitchins J, Je C, Gilbert D. A Pilot Investigation into Associations between Indoor Airborne Fungal and Non-biological Particle Concentrations in Residential Houses in Brisbane, Australia. J Sci Total Environ 2003;312(1):89-101 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00169-4
  8. Hwang KH, Lee AM, Shin HJ, Kim JS. Seasonal Monitoring of Airborne Microbial Concentrations in Kindergartens. J Korean Microbiology 2003;39(4):253-259
  9. Kim CH, Choi JY, Shon MH, Lee KE, Kim KE, Lee KY. Distribution of Fungus in the Air of Outdoor and Indoor Environments from September to November 1999 in Seoul, Korea. J Korean Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;21(5):970-976
  10. Kim MK. Determinations of total culturable bacteria in the university spaces. J Korean Soc of Environ Administ 2014;20(2):43-48
  11. Kim SY et al. A study on the microbial management of living space air quality (II). National institute of environmental research(NIER-RP2015-335); 2015. p. 28-29
  12. Lee JS et al. Development of DNA-Based Assessing Method for Fungi in Dwellings(II). National institute of environmental research(NIER-RP2017-177); 2017. p.27-28
  13. Moon HJ, An KA, Choi MS. The Status and Causes of Indoor Airborne Microorganisms Activities in Residential Buildings. J Korean Soc Living Environ Sys 2012;19(6):669-675
  14. Park JH. Exposure Assessment of Biological Agents in Indoor Environments. J Korean Environ Health Sci 2009;35(4):239-248 https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2009.35.4.239
  15. Taubel M, Karvonen AM, Reponen T, Hyvarinen A, Vesper S, Pekkanen J. Application of the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index in Finland. J Appl Environ Microbiol 2016;82(2):578-584 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02785-15
  16. Vesper S, McKinstry C, Haugland R, Wymer L, Bradham K, Ashley P, Cox D, Dewalt G, Friedman W. Development of an Environmental Relative Moldiness Index for US Homes. J Occup Environ Med 2007;49(8):829-833 https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181255e98
  17. Vesper S, Wakefield J, Ashley P, Cox D, Dewalt G, Friedman W. Geographic Distribution of Environmental Relative Moldiness Index Molds in USA Homes. J Environ Public Health 2011;1242457:1-11
  18. Vesper S, Barnes C, Ciaccio CE, Johanns A, Kennedy K, Murphy JS, Alvarez AN, Sandel MT, Cox D, Dewalt G, Ashley PJ. Higher Environmental Relative Moldiness Index(ERMI) Values Measured in Homes of Asthmatic Children in Boston, Kansas city, and San Diego. J Asthma 2013;50(2):155-161 https://doi.org/10.3109/02770903.2012.740122