Fig. 1. Mudstone 2 before and after soaking
Fig. 2. SEM photographs of the specimens at ×5000 magnification and result of XRD analysis (a) Red shale 1, (b) Red shale 2, (c)Mudstone 1 (d) Mudstone 2
Fig. 3. Result of slake durability test
Fig. 4. Rock samples (Red shale 1, Red shale 2, Mudstone 1)
Fig. 5. Saturation time for rocks
Fig. 6. UCS of dry and saturated samples
Fig. 7. Dry (left) and saturated (right) shale specimens after microwave oven operation and temperature
Fig. 8. Capsule and remolded specimen
Fig. 9. Crack development due to microwave oven operation
Fig. 10. UCS of saturated and microwave
Fig. 11. Specimens after microwave oven operation and temperature
Fig. 12. Rock temperature increase by drying oven and microwave oven
Table 1. Physical properties of sedimentary rocks
Table 2. Quantitative analysis on specimens of composition using WDS system in EPMA
Table 3. Results of various strength tests for sedimentary rocks
Table 4. Summary of unconfined compression tests under dry and saturated conditions
Table 5. Summary of unconfined compression tests under saturated and microwave conditions
참고문헌
- An, H. S. and Lee, S. D. (2016), "Reinforcing Effects of Bolting in Jointed Rock Mass", International Journal of Geo-Engineering, Volume 7, Paper no. 10, DOI 10.1186/s40703-016-0024-9.
- ASTM D 2938 (2002), Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens.
- ASTM D 4644 (2004), Standard Test Method for Slake Durability of Shales and Similar Weak Rocks.
- Bahrani, N. and Kaiser, P.K. (2017), "Estimation of Confined Peak Strength of Crack-Damaged Rocks", Rock mechanics and rock engineering, 50(2), pp.309-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1110-1
- Baud, P., Wong, T.F., and Zhu, W. (2014), "Effects of Porosity and Crack Density on the Compressive Strength of Rocks", International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol.67, pp.201-211.
- Broch, E. (1979), "Changes in rock strength caused by water", International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.
- BS EN 1926 (2006), Natural Stone Test Methods - Determination of Uniaxial Compressive Strength.
- Celik, S.B. (2017), "The effect of cubic specimen size on uniaxial compressive strength of carbonate rocks from Western Turkey", Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Vol.10, DOI 10.1007/s12517-017- 3218-3.
- Chen, T.T., Dutrizac, J.E., Haque, K.E., Wyslouzil, W., and Kashyap, S. (1984), "The Relateve Transparency of Minerals to Microwave Radiation", Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 349-351. https://doi.org/10.1179/cmq.1984.23.3.349
- Chung, H.S. and You, B.O. (1997), "A Study on Variation of Rock Strength due to Weathering and Its Estimation", Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society, Vol.13, No.6, pp.71-93.
- Colback, P.S.B. and Wild, B.L. (1965), "The Influence of Moisture Content on the Compressive Strength of Rocks", Society of Exploration Geophysicists, No.0, pp.65-83.
- Ferri, H., Pejman, M.N., and Nima, G. (2016), "The Influence of Microwave Irradiation on Rocks for Microwave-assisted Underground Excavation", Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.8, No.1, pp.1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.10.004
- Gray, W.M. (1965), "Surface spalling by thermal stresses in rocks", Proceedings Rock Mechanics Symposium.
- Griffith, A.A. (1921), "The Phenomena of Rupture and Flow in Solids", The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London (Series A), Vol.221, pp.163-198. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1921.0006
- Griffiths, D.J. (2005), "Introduction to Electrodynamics", American Journal of Physics, Vol.73, No.6.
- Han, M.D., Cai, Z.X., Qu, G.Y., and Jin, L.S. (2017), "Dynamic Numerical Simulation of Cutterhead Loads in TBM Tunneling", Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol.70, pp.286-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.08.028
- Hassani, F., Nekoovaght, P.M., and Gharib, N. (2016), "The Influence of Microwave Irradiation on Rocks for Microwave-assisted Underground Excavation", Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.8, No.1, pp.1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.10.004
- Hawkins, A.B. and Mcconnell, B.J. (1992), "Sensitivity of Sandstone Strength and Deformability to Changes in Moisture Content", Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, Vol.25, No.2, pp.115-130. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1992.025.02.05
- Hawkins, A.B. (1998), "Aspects of Rock Strength", Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, Vol.57, No.1, pp.17-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100640050017
- Hoek, E. (1965), "Rock fracture under static stress conditions", Pretoria, South Africa: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Report MEG 383.
- Hoek, E. and Brown, E.T. (1980), "Empirical Strength Criterion for Rock Masses", Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol.106, No.GT9, pp.1013-1035.
- Jeong, G.B., Noh, K.M., Yoo, K.H., and Lee, Y.H. (2006), "The Strength Softening Characteristics of Pohang Mudstone due to Weathering", Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 2006, No.10, pp.3829-3832.
- Kegang, L. and Zhang, Y. (2016), "Damage Constitutive Model for Rock Considering Cyclic Drying-Wetting Effect and Its Experimental Validation", Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.21, No.1, pp.277-286.
- Kim, G.W., Paik, Y.S., and Park, D.K. (1999), "Slope Failures in Sedimentary Rocks in Kyoungsang Basin", 11th Asian Regional Conference on SMGE, special publication, pp.135-140.
- Kim, Y.S., Kim, G.W., Heo, N.Y., Rui, D.H., and Lee, J.H. (2001), "A Study on the Geotechnical Assessment of Sedimentary Rock due to Weathering in Taegu area", Journal of the Engineering Geology, Vol.2001, No.-, pp.15-22.
- KS E 3033 (2001), Method of test for compressive strength of rock.
- KS F 2519 (2000), Testing method for compressive strength of natural building stone.
- Kwag, S.M., Jung Y.W., and Kim, G.W. (2013), "Engineering Properties of Red Shale and Black Shale of the Daegu Area, Korea", Journal of the Engineering Geology, Vol.23, No 4, pp. 341-352. https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2013.4.341
- Lee, S.G. and Lee, S. (1995), "A Suggested Method to Predict Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Korean Granites by Schmidt Hammer Value", Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol.15, No.-, pp.199-210.
- Maurer, W.C. (1968), "Novel drilling techniques", maurerengineering.com.
- McClintock, F.A. and Walsh, J.B. (1962), "Friction on Griffith cracks in rock under pressure", Proceedings of the 4 th US national congress on applied mechanics, Vol.2, pp.1015-2021.
- Min, T.K., Moon, J.K., and Lee, S.I. (2009), "Suggestions of a New Method for Schmidt Hammer Blowing and Data Analysis on Rocks (II)", Journal of Korean Society for Rock Mechanics, Vol.19, No.5, pp.421-431.
- Mogi, K. (1962), "The Influence of Dimensions of Specimens of the Fracture Strength of Rocks-comparison between the Strength of Rock Specimens and that of the Earth's Crust", Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo, Vol.40, pp.175-185.
- Park, S.S., Ye, S.R., and Kim, G.W. (2016), "Slaking Characteristics of Shale in the Gyoungsang Super-group, Korea", The Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol.26, No.3, pp.315-324. https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2016.3.315
- Scharli, U. and Rybach, L. (2001), "Determination of Specific Heat Capacity on Rock Fragments", Geothermics, Vol.30, No.1, pp. 93-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(00)00035-3
- Thuro, K., Plinninger, R.J., Zah, S., and Schutz, S. (2001), "Scale Effects in Rock Strength Properties. Part 1 : Unconfined Compressive Test and Brazilian Test", ISRM Regional Symposium EUROCK 2001, Rock Mechanics - a Challenge for Society, pp. 169-174.
- Van der Merwe, J. N. (2003), "A Laboratory Investigation into the Effect of Specimen Size on the Strength of Coal Samples from Different Areas", Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol.103, No.5, pp.273-279.
- Vasarhelyi, B. (2005), "Technical Note Statistical Analysis of the Influence of Water Content on the Strength of the Miocene Limestone", Journal of Informatio Systems, Vol.19, No.2, pp.191-210. https://doi.org/10.2308/jis.2005.19.2.191
- Walkiewicz, J.W., Clark, A.E., and McGill, S.L. (1991), "Microwaveassisted Grinding", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol.27, No.2, pp.239-243. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.73604
- Wang, X. Q., Schubnel, Am Fortin, J. Gueguen, Y., and Ge, H.K. (2013), "Physical Properties and Brittle Strength of Thermally Cracked Granite under Confinement", Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol.118, pp.6099-6112. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010340
- Zhang, Z., Jiang, Q., Zhou, C., and Liu, X. (2014), "Strength and Failure Characteristics of Jurassic Red-Bed Sandstone under Cyclic Wetting-drying Conditions", GeoPhysical Journal International, Vol.198, No.2, pp.1034-1044. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu181
- Zhou, Z., Cai, X., Zhao, Y., Chen, L., Xiong, C., and Li, X. (2016), "Strength Characteristics of Dry and Saturated Rock at Different Strain Rates", Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Vol.26, No.7, pp. 1919-1925. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(16)64314-5