DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

폐수에서 이온불균형문제가 생태독성에 미치는 영향 평가

Evaluation of Toxicity Influenced by Ion Imbalance in Wastewater

  • 신기식 (국립환경과학원 물환경공학연구과) ;
  • 김종민 (국립환경과학원 물환경공학연구과) ;
  • 이수형 (국립환경과학원 물환경공학연구과) ;
  • 이정서 (국립환경과학원 물환경공학연구과) ;
  • 이택준 (국립환경과학원 물환경공학연구과)
  • Shin, Kisik (Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Jongmin (Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Soohyung (Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Jungseo (Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Taekjune (Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 투고 : 2017.10.18
  • 심사 : 2018.01.16
  • 발행 : 2018.01.30

초록

This paper aims to evaluate the results of toxicity testing with Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri on wastewater samples which might be influenced by ion imbalance. The effluents from factories were found to be more toxic with high salinity levels than those from public wastewater treatment plant (WTP) and sewage treatment plant (SWP). Clion composition was highest in the effluent, in terms of percentage, which was followed by $Na^+$, $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Ca^{2+}$. $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ion was relatively low. The sensitivity of D. magna test results was higher than V. fischeri. Among samples which were proved by V. fischeri testing to be nontoxic, the composition ratio of each ion whether toxic samples or nontoxic samples which were decided by D. magna toxicity testing, were compared. $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ ion composition ratio showed high level in nontoxic samples whereas $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$ ion composition ratio was high in toxic samples. Accordingly, $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$ ion seemed to be considered the ions causing toxicity in effluent. Toxicity from some categories of industries (Mining of non-metallic minerals, Manufacture of basic organic petrochemicals, Manufacture of other basic organic chemicals, Manufacture of other chemical products etc.) seemed to be influenced by salinity. The Ion concentration in influent and effluent were similar. Concentration of $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ ions were high in influent, however $Mg^{2+}$ and $SO_4^{2-}$ ions were high in effluent.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. American Petroleum Institute (API). (1998). The Toxicity of Common Ions to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, Document 0300-029. Washing DC.
  2. Douglas, W. S., Grasso, S. S., Hutton, D. G., and Schroeder K. R. (1996). Ionic Imbalance as a Source of Toxicity in an Estuarine Effluent, Archives Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 31(3), 426-432. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212683
  3. Ingersoll, C. G., Dwyer, F. J., Burch, S. A., Nelson, M. K., Buckler, D. R., and Hunn, J. B. (1992). The Use of Freshwater and Saltwater Animals to Distinguish Between the Toxic Effects of Salinity and Contaminants in Irrigation Drain Water, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 11, 503-511. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620110408
  4. Kim, J. M., Shin, K. S., Lee, S. H., Lee, J. S., and Lee, T. J. (2017). Evaluation of Effluent Toxicity which were Exempted from Applying of Ecotoxicity Criteria, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 33(2), 197-202. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2017.33.2.197
  5. Kimmel, W. G. and Argent, D. G. (2010). Stream Fish Community Responses to a Gradient of Specific Conductance, Water Air & Soil Pollution, 206, 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0085-x
  6. Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS). (2009a). Water Quality - Determination of the Inhibitory Effect of Water Samples on the Light Emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent Bacteria Test) - Part 3: Method using Freezedried Bacteria, KS_ISO 11348-3:2009, Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. [Korean Literature]
  7. Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS). (2009b). Water Quality - Determination of dissolved $Li^+$ $Na^+$, $NH_4 ^+$, $K^+$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$ and $Ba^{2+}$ Using Ion Chromatography- Method for Water and Waste Water, KS_ISO 14911:2009, Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. [Korean Literature]
  8. Ministry of Environment (ME). (2008). The Total Plan of Five Years about Ecotoxicity Emission Control System Implementation and Settlement, Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
  9. Ministry of Environment (ME). (2014a). Standard Method for Water Pollutants ES 04704.1, - Acute Toxicity Testing with Daphnia magna -, Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
  10. Ministry of Environment (ME). (2014b). Standard Method for Water Pollutants ES 04350.1b, - Anions-Ion Chromatography -, Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
  11. Ministry of Environment (ME). (2017). Water Quality and Aquatic Ecosystem Conservation Act, Ministry of Environment [Korean Literature]
  12. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). (2013a). A Study for Proposal of New Acute Toxicity Test Organism (I), National Institute of Environmental Research. [Korean Literature]
  13. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). (2013b). A Study of QA/QC Mehtod for WET(Whole Effluent Toxicity) - Preparation of QA/QC and Operation Manual for WET-, National Institute of Environmental Research. [Korean Literature]
  14. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC). (2004). Technical Issue Paper: Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing: Ion Imbalance, Pensacola FL, USA: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.
  15. Soto, W., Gutierrez, J., Remmenga, M. D., and Nishiguchi, M. K. (2009). Salinity and Temperature Effect on Physiological Responses of Vibrio fischeri from Diverse Ecological Niches, Microbial Ecology, 57, 140-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-008-9412-9
  16. Williams, D. D., Williams, N. E., and Cao, Y. (2000). Road Salt Contamination of Ground Water in a Major Metropolitan Area and Development of a Biological Index to Monitor its Impact, Water Research, 34, 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00129-3
  17. United States Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA). (2009). The Effects of Mountaintop Mines and Valley Fills on Aquatic Ecosystems of the Central Appalachian Coalfields, EPA/600/R-09/138A. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC.