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Evaluation of Commercial Korean Honey Quality and Correlation Analysis of the Quality Parameters

국내 시판 벌꿀의 품질 평가 및 품질인자간 상관관계 분석

  • Sung, Hwa-Jung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University) ;
  • Jung, Chuleui (Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University) ;
  • Kwon, Jiyoung (Agricultural Science and Technology Institute, Andong National University) ;
  • Sohn, Ho-Yong (Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University)
  • 성화정 (안동대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 정철의 (안동대학교 식물의약과) ;
  • 권지영 (안동대학교 농업과학기술연구소) ;
  • 손호용 (안동대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2018.09.20
  • Accepted : 2018.11.19
  • Published : 2018.12.30

Abstract

Honey is made from flower nectar by honey bees. In this study, 120 honeys from various flowers and across eight different provinces in Korea were collected and their components, antioxidants, and hemolytic activities against red blood cell were evaluated. Our results show that total polyphenol (TP) varied widely across the samples, with chestnut honey showing the highest TP ($77.1{\pm}8.4mg/100g$), protein content ($25.9{\pm}0.9mg/100g$), and absorbance at 400 nm ($A_{400}$ : $0.156{\pm}0.036$). In contrast, the acacia honey and sugar honey had a TP of 9.5~30 mg, 12~15 mg/100g of, and the lowest $A_{400}$ of $0.06{\pm}0.02$. High amounts of total flavonoid were quantified in the jujube and chestnut honeys at $8.73{\pm}7.31$ and $8.39{\pm}3.02mg/100g$, respectively. No samples demonstrated hemolytic activity up to 1 mg/ml. Antioxidant activities determined by DPPH, ABTS, and nitrite scavenging placed the chestnut honey highest, followed by jujube, styrax, multi-floral, citrus, acacia and sugar honey. Analysis of parameter correlations indicated that the components and bioactivity of the honey are dependent on the origin of the flower rather than on bee-farming regions. A positive correlation between TP content and antioxidant activity was identified. The correlation coefficients between $A_{400}$ and the TP, ABTS scavenging, and reducing power values were 0.804, 0.772 and 0.741, respectively. We therefore suggest that $A_{400}$ could be used as a noble, economic and simple factor for honey quality evaluation. Our results can potentially be used to develop functional honey for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

벌꿀은 꽃의 화밀을 꿀벌이 수집하여 벌집에 저장한 것으로, 밀원에 따라 색, 맛, 향기 등에 많은 차이가 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 지역, 다양한 밀원에서 생산된 국내 120종 벌꿀(밤꿀, 대추꿀, 때죽꿀, 잡화꿀, 밀감꿀, 유채꿀, 사양벌꿀)의 유용성분 분석, 항산화 활성 및 인간 적혈구 용혈활성을 평가하고, 분석인자간의 상관관계를 검토하였다. 그 결과, 벌꿀의 성분 및 생리활성은 밀원에 의해 차별화되었으며, 채취농가 및 채취지역에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 벌꿀의 총 폴리페놀 함량 분석 결과, 밤꿀이 가장 높은 $77.1{\pm}8.4mg/100g$을 나타내었으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량의 경우 대추꿀($8.73{\pm}7.31mg/100g$)과 밤꿀($8.39{\pm}3.02mg/100g$)에서, 단백질 함량은 밤꿀에서 가장 높은 $25.9{\pm}0.9mg/100g$을 나타내었으며, 아카시아, 유채 및 사양꿀에서는 12~15 mg/100 g의 낮은 함량을 보였다. 400 nm에서의 흡광도는, 밤꿀에서 가장 높은 $0.156{\pm}0.036$를 나타내었고, 대추꿀 > 잡화꿀 > 때죽꿀 > 유채꿀 > 감굴꿀 > 사양벌꿀 및 아카시아꿀로 나타났다. 모든 벌꿀 시료는 1 mg/ml 농도까지 적혈구 용혈활성이 나타나지 않았다. 한편 항산화 활성평가 결과, DPPH 및 ABTS 소거능의 경우 밤꿀 > 대추꿀 > 때죽꿀 > 잡화꿀 > 밀감꿀 > 유채꿀, 사양벌꿀 및 아카시아꿀의 순으로 나타난 반면, nitrite 소거능의 경우 밤꿀, 대추꿀, 잡화꿀 > 유채꿀, 밀감꿀, 사양벌꿀 및 아카시아꿀의 순으로 우수하였다. 분석인자간의 상관성을 계산한 결과, 총 폴리페놀 함량과 ABTS 양이온 소거능에서 가장 높은 상관계수(0.879)를 나타났으며, 특이하게 총 폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH 음이온 소거능은 0.441로 상대적으로 낮은 상관계수를 보였다. 또한 400 nm 흡광도는 총 폴리페놀 함량, ABTS 소거능 및 환원력과 각각 0.804, 0.772 및 0.741의 높은 상관계수를 보여, 향후 400 nm 측정으로 벌꿀 간편 품질검사가 가능함을 제시하였다. 이상의 결과는 기능성 벌꿀 개발 및 벌꿀 유용성분을 이용한 식의약품 소재개발의 기초자료로 이용될 것이며, 현재 선정벌꿀로부터 활성물질 분리 및 약용작물 추출물을 이용한 사양벌꿀 개발이 진행 중에 있다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Comparison of (A) total polyphenol, (B) total flavonoid, (C) soluble protein content and (D) Abs. 400 nm among 120 domestic honey products from different botanical origins.

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Fig. 2. Comparison of (A) total polyphenol, (B) total flavonoid, (C) soluble protein content and (D) Abs. 400 nm among 120 domestic honey products from different apiculture regions.

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Fig. 3. Comparison of antioxidant activities among 120 domestic honey products from different botanical origins.

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Fig. 4. Comparison of antioxidant activities among 120 domestic honey products from different apiculture regions.

Table 1. List of domestic honey products used in this study, and their component and hemolysis activities against human red blood cell

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Table 1. Continued

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Table 1. Continued

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Table 2. Comparison of the antioxidant activities of 120 honey products produced in Korea

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Table 2. Continued

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Table 2. Comparison of the antioxidant activities of 120 honey products produced in Korea

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Table 3. Correlation matrix for quantitative determinations in the 120 domestic honey products

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