DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of consecutive earthquakes on increased damage and response of reinforced concrete structures

  • Amiri, Gholamreza Ghodrati (Center of Excellence for Fundamental Studies in Structural Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Rajabi, Elham (Center of Excellence for Fundamental Studies in Structural Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology)
  • 투고 : 2015.01.07
  • 심사 : 2017.10.11
  • 발행 : 2018.01.25

초록

A large main shock may consist of numerous aftershocks with a short period. The aftershocks induced by a large main shock can cause the collapse of a structure that has been already damaged by the preceding main shock. These aftershocks are important factors in structural damages. Furthermore, despite what is often assumed in seismic design codes, earthquakes do not usually occur as a single event, but as a series of strong aftershocks and even fore shocks. For this reason, this study investigates the effect and potential of consecutive earthquakes on the response and behavior of concrete structures. At first, six moment resisting concrete frames with 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 stories are designed and analyzed under two different records with seismic sequences from real and artificial cases. The damage states of the model frames were then measured by the Park and Ang's damage index. From the results of this investigation, it is observed that the sequences of ground motions can almost double the accumulated damage and increased response of structures. Therefore, it is certainly insufficient to ignore this effect in the design procedure of structures. Also, the use of artificial seismic sequences as design earthquake can lead to non-conservative prediction of behavior and damage of structures under real seismic sequences.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Amadio, C., Fragiacomo, M. and Rajgelj, S. (2003), "The effects of repeated earthquake ground motions on the non-linear response of SDOF systems", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 32(2), 291-308. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.225
  2. Atkinson, G.M. (2009), "Earthquake time histories compatible with the 2005 NBCC uniform hazard spectrum", Dept. Earth Sciences, Univ. of Western Ontario, N6A 5B7, Can. J. Civil Engineering Wordcount, Canada.
  3. Charney, F.A. (2006), "Unintended consequence of modeling damping in structures: Rayleigh damping", Procedures of 17th Analysis and Computation Specialty Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, PEER/ATC-72-1.
  4. Computers and Structures INC (CSi) (2016), Structural and Earthquake Engineering Software, ETABS integrated Building Design Software, California.
  5. Dreger, D. (1997), "The large aftershocks of the Northridge earthquake and their relationship to mainshock slip and faultzone complexity", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 87(5), 1259-1266.
  6. Erochko, J., Christopoulos, C., Tremblay, R. and Choi, H. (2011), "Residual drift response of SMRFs and BRB frames in steel buildings designed according to ASCE 7-05", J. Struct. Eng., 137, 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000296
  7. Faisal, A., Majid, T.A. and Hatzigeorgiou, G.D. (2013), "Investigation of story ductility demands of inelastic concrete frames subjected to repeated earthquakes", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 44, 42-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.08.012
  8. Fragiacomo, M., Amadio, C. and Macorini, L. (2004), "Seismic response of steel frames under repeated earthquake ground motions", Eng. Struct., 26, 2021-2035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.08.005
  9. Garcia, J.R., Marin, M.V. and Gilmore, A.T. (2014), "Effect of seismic sequences in reinforced concrete frame buildings located in soft-soil sites", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 63, 56-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.03.008
  10. Hancock, J., Bommer, J. and Stafford, P. (2008), "Numbers of scaled and matched accelerograms required for inelastic dynamic analyses", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Eng., 37(14), 1585-1607. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.827
  11. Haselton, C.B.S., Taylor Lange, A.B. and Deierlein, G.G. (2007), "Beam-column element model calibrated for predicting flexural response leading to global collapse of RC frame buildings", Report No. PEER Report 2007/03, Berkeley Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center College of Engineering University of California.
  12. Hatzigeorgiou, G.D. (2010), "Behavior factors for nonlinear structures subjected to multiple near-fault earthquakes", Comput. Struct., 88, 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2009.11.006
  13. Hatzigeorgiou, G.D. and Beskos, D.E. (2009), "Inelastic displacement ratios for SDOF structures subjected to repeated earthquakes", Eng. Struct., 31, 2744-2755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.07.002
  14. Hatzigeorgiou, G.D. and Liolios, A.A. (2010), "Nonlinear behaviour of RC frames under repeated strong ground motions", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 30, 1010-1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.04.013
  15. Huang, W., Qian, J., Zhuang, B. and Fu, Q.S. (2012), "Damage assessment of RC frame structures under Mainshock-Aftershock seismic sequences", Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), Portugal, Lisbon.
  16. Kunnath, S.K. (1997), "Cumulative seismic damage of reinforced concrete bridge piers", Technical Report, NCEER 97-0006, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, 1997.
  17. Li, Q. and Ellingwood, B.R. (2007), "Performance evaluation and damage assessment of steel frame buildings under main shockaftershock sequences", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36, 405-427. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.667
  18. Luco, N., Bazzurro, P. and Cornell, A. (2004), "Dynamic versus static computation of the residual capacity of a mainshockdamaged building to withstand an aftershock", 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, August.
  19. Matrix laboratory (MATLAB) (2014), The MathWorks Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, United States.
  20. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-05 (2005), American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE Standards.
  21. Moustafa, A. and Takewaki, I. (2010), "Modeling critical groundmotion sequences for inelastic structures", Adv. Struct. Eng., 13(4), 665-679. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.13.4.665
  22. Moustafa, A. and Takewaki, I. (2011), "Response of nonlinear single-degree-of freedom structures to random acceleration sequences", Eng. Struct., 33, 1251-1258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.01.002
  23. Moustafa, A. and Takewaki, I. (2012), "Characterization of earthquake ground motion of multiple sequences", Earthq. Struct., 3(5), 629-647. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2012.3.5.629
  24. Nagae, T., Ghannoum, W.M., Kwon, J., Tahara, K., Fukuyama, K., Matsumori, T., Shiohara, H., Kabeyasawa, T., Kono, S., Nishiyama, M., Sause, R., Wallace, J.W. and Moehle, J.P. (2015), "Design implications of large-scale shake-table test on four-story reinforced concrete building", ACI Struct. J., 112(2), 135-146.
  25. Opensees (2007), Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees), Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Available at: http://opensees.berkeley.edu/.
  26. Park, Y.J. and Ang, A.H. (1985), "Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete", J. Struct., ASCE, 111(4), 722-739.
  27. Park, Y.J., Ang, A.H.S. and Wen, Y.K. (1987), "Damage-limiting aseismic design of buildings", Earthq. Spectra, 3(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585416
  28. Park, Y.J., Reinhorn, A.M. and Kunnath, S.K. (1987), "IDARC: Inelastic damage analysis of frame shear-wall structures", Technical Report NCEER-87-0008, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of NewYork at Buffalo, NY.
  29. PEER (2017), PEER NGA Database, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, California, Available at http://peer.berkeley.edu/nga/.
  30. Permanent Committee for Revising the Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings (2005), Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings, Standard No. 2800, 3rd Edition, Tehran, Iran.
  31. Petrini, L., Maggi, C., Priestley, N. and Calvi, M. (2008), "Experimental verification of viscous damping modeling for inelastic time history analyses", J. Earthq. Eng., 12(1), 125-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460801925822
  32. Scott, M.H. and Fenves, G.L. (2006), "Plastic hinge integration methods for force- based beam- column elements", Struct. Eng., 132(2), 244-252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:2(244)