DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic performance assessment of R.C. bridge piers designed with the Algerian seismic bridges regulation

  • Kehila, Fouad (Department of Civil Engineering, National Earthquake Engineering Research Center CGS) ;
  • Kibboua, Abderrahmane (Department of Civil Engineering, National Earthquake Engineering Research Center CGS) ;
  • Bechtoula, Hakim (Department of Civil Engineering, National Earthquake Engineering Research Center CGS) ;
  • Remki, Mustapha (Department of Civil Engineering, National Earthquake Engineering Research Center CGS)
  • 투고 : 2018.02.18
  • 심사 : 2018.11.23
  • 발행 : 2018.12.25

초록

Many bridges in Algeria were constructed without taking into account the seismic effect in the design. The implantation of a new regulation code RPOA-2008 requires a higher reinforcement ratio than with the seismic coefficient method, which is a common feature of the existing bridges. For better perception of the performance bridge piers and evaluation of the risk assessment of existing bridges, fragility analysis is an interesting tool to assess the vulnerability study of these structures. This paper presents a comparative performance of bridge piers designed with the seismic coefficient method and the new RPOA-2008. The performances of the designed bridge piers are assessed using thirty ground motion records and incremental dynamic analysis. Fragility curves for the bridge piers are plotted using probabilistic seismic demand model to perform the seismic vulnerability analysis. The impact of changing the reinforcement strength on the seismic behavior of the designed bridge piers is checked by fragility analysis. The fragility results reveal that the probability of damage with the RPOA-2008 is less and perform well comparing to the conventional design pier.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : National Earthquake Engineering Research Center, CGS

참고문헌

  1. Alam, S.M., Bhuiyan, R.M.A. and Billah, A.H.M. (2012), "Seismic Fragility assessment of SMA-Bar restrained multi-Span continuous highway bridge isolated by different laminated rubber bearings in medium to strong seismic risk zones", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 10(6), 1885-1909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-012-9381-8
  2. Aviram, A., Mackie, K.R. and Stojadinovic, B. (2008), "Effect of abutment modeling on the seismic response of bridge structures", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 7(4), 395-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-008-1008-3
  3. Baker, J.W. (2015), "Efficient analytical fragility function fitting using dynamic structural analysis", Earthq. Spectra, 31(1): 579-599. https://doi.org/10.1193/021113EQS025M
  4. Banerjee, S. and Chi, C. (2013), "State-dependent fragility curves of bridges based on vibration measurements", Prob. Eng. Mech., 33, 116-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2013.03.007
  5. Banerjee, S. and Shinozuka, M. (2007), "Nonlinear static procedure for seismic vulnerability assessment of bridges", Comput. Aid. Civil Infrastr. Eng., 22(4), 293-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2007.00486.x
  6. Banerjee, S. and Shinozuka, M. (2008), "Mechanistic quantification of RC bridge damage states under earthquake through fragility analysis", Prob. Eng. Mech., 23(1), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2007.08.001
  7. Bayat, M. and Daneshjoo, F. (2015), "Seismic performance of skewed highway bridges using analytical fragility function methodology", Comput. Concrete, 16(5), 723-740. https://doi.org/10.12989/CAC.2015.16.5.723
  8. Beilic, D., Casotto, C., Nascimbene, R., Cicola, D. and Rodrigues, D. (2017), "Seismic fragility curves of single storey RC precast structures by comparing different Italian codes", Earthq. Struct., 12(3), 359-374. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.3.359
  9. Bhuiyan, R.M.A. and Alam, S.M. (2012), "Seismic vulnerability assessment of a multi-span continuous highway bridge fitted with shape memory alloy bars and laminated rubber bearings", Earthq. Spectra, 28(4), 1379-1404. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000089
  10. Billah, A., Shahria Alam, M. and Bhuiyan, A.R. (2013), "Fragility analysis of retrofitted multi-column bridge bent subjected to near fault and far field ground motion", J. Bridge Eng., ASCE, 18(10), 992-1004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000452
  11. Billah, A.H.M.M. and Alam, M.S. (2014a), "Seismic performance evaluation of multi-column bridge bents retrofitted with different alternatives using incremental dynamic analysis", Eng. Struct., 62-63, 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.01.005
  12. Billah, A.H.M.M. and Alam, M.S. (2015), "Seismic fragility assessment of concrete bridge pier reinforced with superelastic Shape Memory Alloy", Earthq. Spectra, 31(3), 1515-1541. https://doi.org/10.1193/112512EQS337M
  13. Billah, A.H.M.M. and Alam, M.S. (2016b), "Plastic hinge length of shape memory alloy (SMA) reinforced concrete bridge pier", Eng. Struct., 117, 321-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.050
  14. Billah, A.H.M.M., Alam, M.S. and Bhuiyan, A.R. (2013), "Fragility analysis of retrofitted multicolumn bridge bent subjected to near-fault and far-field ground motion", J. Bridge Eng., 18(10), 992-1004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000452
  15. Bradley, B.A., Cubrinovski, M., MacRae, G.A. and Dhakal, R.P. (2009), "Ground-motion prediction equation for SI based on spectral acceleration equations", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 99(1), 277-285. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080044
  16. Catalan, A., Benavent-Climent, A. and Cahis, X. (2010), "Selection and scaling of earthquake records in assessment of structures in low-to-moderate seismicity zones", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 30(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2009.09.003
  17. Chandramohan, R., Baker, J.W. and Deierlein, G.G. (2016), "Quantifying the influence of ground motion duration on structural collapse capacity using spectrally equivalent records", Earthq. Spectra, 32(2), 927-950. https://doi.org/10.1193/122813EQS298MR2
  18. Cornell, A.C., Jalayer, F. and Hamburger, R.O. (2002), "Probabilistic basis for 2000 SAC federal emergency management agency steel moment frame guidelines", J. Struct. Eng., 128(4), 526-532. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:4(526)
  19. Curtis, L.E. (2004), "Zemmouri- ALGERIA: MW 6.8 earthquake of May 21, 2003", Ed. C.L. Edwards, Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering-ASCE, $N^{\circ}$.27.
  20. Donaire-A vila, J., Mollaioli, F., Lucchini, A. and Benavent-Climent, A. (2015), "Intensity measures for the seismic response prediction of mid-rise buildings with hysteretic dampers", Eng. Struct., 102, 278-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.08.023
  21. Fakharifar, M., Chen, G., Dalvand, A. and Shamsabadi, A. (2015), "Collapse vulnerability and fragility analysis of substandard RC bridges rehabilitated with different repair jackets under postmainshock cascading events", Int. J. Concrete Struct. Mater., 9(3), 345-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-015-0107-6
  22. Fakharifar, M., Chen, G., Sneed, L. and Dalvand, A. (2015b), "Seismic performance of post-mainshock FRP/steel repaired RC bridge columns subjected to aftershocks", Compos. Part B, 72, 183-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.12.010
  23. FEMA (2000), Recommended Seismic Design Criteria for New Steel Moment Frame Buildings, FEMA 350, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
  24. FEMA (2003), HAZUS-MH Software, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington DC.
  25. Filippou, F.C., Popov, E.P. and Bertero, V.V. (1983), "Effects of bond deterioration on hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete joints", Report EERC 83-19, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.
  26. Gardoni, P., Der Kiureghian, A. and Mosalam, K.M. (2002), "Probabilistic capacity models and fragility estimates for reinforced concrete columns based on experimental observations", J. Eng. Mech., 128(10), 1024-1038. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:10(1024)
  27. Gardoni, P., Mosalam, K.M. and Der Kiureghian, A. (2003), "Probabilistic seismic demand models and fragility estimates for RC bridges", J. Earthq. Eng., 7, 79-106.
  28. Ghobarah, A. (2001), "Performance-based design in earthquake engineering: state of development", Eng. Struct., 23(8), 878-884. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00036-0
  29. Housner, G.W. (1963), "The behaviour of inverted pendulum structure during earthquake", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 53, 403-417.
  30. Hwang, H., Jernigan, J.B. and Lin, Y.W. (2000), "Evaluation of seismic damage to Memphis bridges and highway systems", J. Bridge Eng., 5(4), 322-330. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2000)5:4(322)
  31. Karamlou, A. and Bocchini, P. (2015), "Computation of bridge seismic fragility by large-scale simulation for probabilistic resilience analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 44(12), 1959-1978. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2567
  32. Kehila, F., Remki, R. and Kibboua, A. (2017), "Seismic assessment of Algerian Bridge", Eds. Rodrigues H., Elnashai A., Calvi G., Facing the Challenges in Structural Engineering, GeoMEast 2017, Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Springer, Cham.
  33. Kibboua, A., Naili, M., Benouar, D. and Kehila, F. (2011), "Analytical fragility curves for typical algerian reinforced concrete bridge piers", Struct. Eng. Mech., 39(3), 411-425. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.39.3.411
  34. Kim, S.H. and Shinozuka, M. (2004), "Development of fragility curves of bridges retrofitted by column jacketing", Prob. Eng. Mech., 19(1), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2003.11.009
  35. Liu, M., Lu, B. and Liu, B. (2012), "Study on performance index of reinforced concrete bridge column", Adv. Intel. Soft Comput., 114, 189-198.
  36. Luco, N. and Cornell, C.A. (1998), "Effects of random connection fractures on the demands and reliability for a three-story pre-Northridge (SMRP) structure", Proceedings of the 6th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, May-June.
  37. Mackie, K.R. and Stojadinovic, B. (2004), "Fragility curves for reinforced concrete highway overpass bridges", 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper No. 1553, 1-6 August, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
  38. Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N. and Park, R. (1988), "Theoretical stress strain model for confined concrete", J. Struct. Eng., 114(8), 1804-1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)
  39. Marra, AM., Salvatori, L., Spinelli, P. and Bartoli, G. (2017), "Incremental dynamic and nonlinear static analyses for seismic assessment of medieval masonry towers", J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 31(4), 04017032. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001022
  40. Mehani, Y., Benouar, D., Bechtoula, H. and Kibboua, A. (2011), "Vulnerability evaluation of the strategic buildings in Algiers (Algeria): a methodology", Nat. Hazard., 59(1), 529-551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9774-z
  41. Menegotto, M. and Pinto, P.E. (1973), "Method of analysis for cyclically loaded R.C. plane frames including changes in geometry and nonelastic behaviour of elements under combined normal force and bending", Symposium on the Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on By Well-Defined Repeated Loads, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland, 15-22.
  42. Moschonas, I.F., Kappos, A.J., Panetsos, P., Papadopoulos, V., Makarios, T. and Thanopoulos, P. (2009), "Seismic fragility curves for greek bridges: methodology and case studies", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 7(2), 439-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-008-9077-2
  43. Mosleh, A., Razzaghi, M.S., Jara, J. and Varum, H. (2016), "Development of fragility curves for RC bridges subjected to reverse and strike-slip seismic sources", Earthq. Struct., 11(3), 517-538. https://doi.org/10.12989/EAS.2016.11.3.517
  44. Nielson, B.G. and DesRoches, R. (2007a), "Analytical seismic fragility curves for typical bridges in the Central and Southeastern United States", Earthq. Spectra, 23(3), 615-633. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2756815
  45. Paulay, T. and Priestley, M.N.J. (1992), Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, Wiley-Interscience, New York.
  46. PEER Ground Motion Database (2013), Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), from: http://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/
  47. Priestley, M.J.N., Calvi, G.M. and Kowalsky, M.J. (2007), Direct Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures, IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy.
  48. Priestley, M.J.N., Seible, F. and Calvi, G.M. (1996), Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, Willey, New York.
  49. Ramanathan, K., DesRoches, R. and Padgett, J.E. (2012), "A comparison of pre- and post-seismic design considerations in moderate seismic zones through the fragility assessment of multi span bridge classes", Eng. Struct., 45, 559-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.07.004
  50. Remki, M., kehila, F., Bechtoula, H. and Bourzam, A. (2016), "Seismic vulnerability assessment of composite reinforced concrete-masonry building", Earthq. Struct., 11(2), 371-386. https://doi.org/10.12989/EAS.2016.11.2.371
  51. RPOA (2008), Algerian Seismic Regulation Code for Bridge Structures, Document Technique Reglementaire, Ministere des Travaux Publics, Algiers, Algeria.
  52. SeismoMatch (2016), Seismosoft Earthquake Engineering Software Solutions, http://www.seismosoft.com.
  53. SeismoStruct (2016), Seismosoft Earthquake Engineering Software Solutions, http://www.seismosoft.com.
  54. Shinozuka, M., Feng, M.Q., Kim, H., Uzawa, T. and Ueda, T. (2003), "Statistical analysis of fragility curves", MCEER Report-03-0002.
  55. Stefanidou, S.P. and Kappos, A.J. (2017), "Methodology for the development of bridge-specific fragility curves", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 46(1), 73-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2774
  56. Takemura, H. and Kawashima, K.X. (1997), "Effect of loading hysteresis on ductility capacity of reinforced concrete bridge piers", J. Struct. Eng., 43A, 849-858.
  57. Tavares, D.H., Padgett, J.E. and Paultre, P. (2012), "Fragility curves of typical as-built highway bridges in eastern Canada", Eng. Struct., 40, 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.02.019
  58. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2002), "Incremental dynamic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(3), 491-514. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.141
  59. Zhang, Y., Fan, J. and Fan, W. (2016), "Seismic fragility analysis of concrete bridge piers reinforced by steel fibers", Adv. Struct. Eng., 19(5), 837-848. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216630440
  60. Zhong, J., Pang, Y., Jeon, J.S., DesRoches, R. and Yuan, W. (2016), "Seismic fragility assessment of long-span cable-stayed bridges in China", Adv. Struct. Eng., 19(11), 1797-1812. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216649380