FIG. 1. XRD patterns of glass-ceramics containing ZnAl2O4 nanocrystals precipitated by CO2 laser irradiation with 1.8 W and 0.1 mm/s and 0.01 mm/s scan speeds. The lowest scan corresponds to glass.
FIG. 2. TEM images of ZnAl2O4 nanocrystals precipitated by CO2 laser irradiation with 1.8 W and 0.1 mm/s scan speed: (a) TEM image showing the lattice constant 0.145 nm for the (440) plane, (b) TEM image of ZnAl2O4 nanocrystals, (c) Distribution of Zn ions.
FIG. 3. TEM and EDS images of nanocrystals precipitated by CO2 laser irradiation with 1.8 W and 0.01 mm/s scan speed: (a) TEM image, and (b-f) EDS images of Zn, Al, O, Eu, and Yb ions.
FIG. 4. Downshift emission spectra under 365 nm excitation from Eu3+ and Yb3+ co-doped glass-ceramics treated by (a) various CO2 laser powers and (b) scan speeds.
FIG. 5. Upconversion emission spectra under 980 nm excitation from Eu3+ and Yb3+ co-doped glass-ceramics treated by (a) various CO2 laser powers and (b) scan speeds.
FIG. 6. Fluorescence images from Eu3+ and Yb3+ co-doped glass-ceramics obtained with 1.8 W and 0.01 mm/s scan speeds: (a) surface emission profile (100 μm × 800 μm), (b) fluorescence images from 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 80, 90, 100 μm below the surface.
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