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Estimation of Moisture Content in Cucumber and Watermelon Seedlings Using Hyperspectral Imagery

초분광영상 이용 오이 및 수박 묘의 수분함량 추정

  • Kim, Seong-Heon (Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University(Institute of Agriculture and Life Science)) ;
  • Kang, Jeong-Gyun (Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University(Institute of Agriculture and Life Science)) ;
  • Ryu, Chan-Seok (Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University(Institute of Agriculture and Life Science)) ;
  • Kang, Ye-Seong (Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University(Institute of Agriculture and Life Science)) ;
  • Sarkar, Tapash Kumar (Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University(Institute of Agriculture and Life Science)) ;
  • Kang, Dong Hyeon (Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Ku, Yang-Gyu (Department of Horticulture Industry, College of Life Science and Resource, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Eok (Department of General Education, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries)
  • 김성헌 (경상대학교 바이오시스템공학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 강정균 (경상대학교 바이오시스템공학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 유찬석 (경상대학교 바이오시스템공학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 강예성 (경상대학교 바이오시스템공학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • ;
  • 강동현 (국립농업과학원 농업공학부) ;
  • 구양규 (원광대학교 원예산업학과(생명자원과학연구소)) ;
  • 김동억 (한국농수산대학 교양공통과)
  • Received : 2017.09.28
  • Accepted : 2018.01.23
  • Published : 2018.01.31

Abstract

This research was conducted to estimate moisture content in cucurbitaceae seedlings, such as cucumber and watermelon, using hyperspectral imagery. Using a hyperspectral image acquisition system, the reflectance of leaf area of cucumber and watermelon seedlings was calculated after providing water stress. Then, moisture content in each seedling was measured by using a dry oven. Finally, using reflectance and moisture content, the moisture content estimation models were developed by PLSR analysis. After developing the estimation models, performance of the cucumber showed 0.73 of $R^2$, 1.45% of RMSE, and 1.58% of RE. Performance of the watermelon showed 0.66 of $R^2$, 1.06% of RMSE, and 1.14% of RE. The model performed slightly better after removing one sample from cucumber seedlings as outlier and unnecessary. Hence, the performance of new model for cucumber seedlings showed 0.79 of $R^2$, 1.10% of RMSE, and 1.20% of RE. The model performance combined with all samples showed 0.67 of $R^2$, 1.26% of RMSE, and 1.36% of RE. The model of cucumber showed better performance than the model of watermelon. This is because variables of cucumber are consisted of widely distributed variation, and it affected the performance. Further, accuracy and precision of the cucumber model were increased when an insignificant sample was eliminated from the dataset. Finally, it is considered that both models can be significantly used to estimate moisture content, as gradients of trend line are almost same and intersected. It is considered that the accuracy and precision of the estimating models possibly can be improved, if the models are constructed by using variables with widely distributed variation. The improved models will be utilized as the basis for developing low-priced sensors.

본 연구는 초분광 영상을 이용하여 오이 및 수박과 같은 박과 묘의 수분함량을 추정하기 위해 수행되었다. 오이와 수박 묘 샘플에 수분 스트레스를 가한 후 초분광영상 취득 시스템을 이용하여 오이와 수박 묘 잎을 촬영하여 반사율을 계산하였고, 건조기를 이용하여 해당 모종의 수분함량을 측정하였다. 마지막으로 영상의 반사율과 수분함량을 이용하여 부분최소제곱회귀분석을 통해 수분함량 추정모델을 개발하였다. 오이 묘 수분함량 추정모델은 $R^2$ 0.73, RMSE 1.45%, RE 1.58%의 성능을 보였으며, 수박 묘 수분함량 추정모델은 $R^2$ 0.66, RMSE 1.06%, RE 1.14%의 성능을 보였다. 유효범위를 넘어가는 극단치를 제거하여 모델의 성능을 다시 분석한 결과, 오이 모델의 경우 $R^2$ 0.79, RMSE 1.10%, RE 1.20으로 상승하였다. 오이와 수박 묘를 함께 분석하여 모델을 제작한 결과, $R^2$ 0.67, RMSE 1.26, RE 1.36으로 분석되었다. 오이 모델이 수박 모델보다 비교적 높은 성능을 보였는데, 이러한 원인은 오이의 수분함량 변이가 넓게 분포되어 있었기 때문이라고 판단된다. 또한 데이터셋에서 유효범위를 넘어가는 극단치를 제거한 결과 오이 모델의 정확도 및 정밀도가 상승하였다. 결론적으로 오이 및 수박 묘 수분함량 추정모델들의 추정선의 기울기 차가 크지 않고, 서로 교차되기 때문에 두 모델들은 모두 수분함량을 추정하는데 있어서 유의한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 샘플의 변수가 넓게 분포된 변이를 갖는다면 추정모델의 정확도와 정밀도는 분명 상승할 것이며, 개선된 모델을 이용하면 저가형 센서를 개발하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

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