DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

적외선분광분석과 Py-GC/MS를 이용한 옻칠 및 캐슈칠도막 분석

Analysis of Lacquer and CNSL Using Infrared Spectrometer and Pyrolysis-GC/MS

  • 최재완 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 김수철 (한국전통문화대학교 문화재보존과학과)
  • Choi, Jaewan (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Kim, Soo-Chul (Department of Conservation Science, University of Science and Technology, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage)
  • 투고 : 2017.04.27
  • 심사 : 2017.06.15
  • 발행 : 2018.01.25

초록

칠기문화재 보존에 옻칠이 사용되지만 근대화로 인해 캐슈칠과 같은 합성도료가 같이 사용되는 추세이다. 보존윤리에서는 문화재 보존 시 동일 재료가 사용되어야 한다고 명시되어있다. 따라서 칠기문화재 보존에는 옻칠과 같은 천연 도료가 사용되어야 한다. 하지만 옻칠과 캐슈칠의 성분이 유사하여 전문가들도 쉽게 구분하지 못하는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 IR과 Py-GC/MS를 이용하여 이를 분석하고 식별 키워드를 찾고자 하였다. IR 분석 결과 옻칠은 $720cm^{-1}$ 대에서 피크가 확인되었으며 캐슈칠은 $750cm^{-1}$, $720cm^{-1}$, $700cm^{-1}$ 대에서 피크가 확인되었다. Py-GC/MS 결과 두 종류의 시료에서 Benzene과 Phenol계 화합물과 알킬사슬고리에 기인하는 성분이 검출되었다. 하지만, 캐슈칠에서는 Hexanoic acid라는 성분이 검출되었고 옻칠에서는 검출되지 않았다. 이러한 분석방법을 토대로 진정성 있는 칠기문화재 보존처리 및 복원에 활용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

Nowadays, synthetic resin varnish such as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is being used as well as traditional lacquer. The code of ethics states that material must be identical to the original when preserving cultural heritage. Therefore, lacquer should be used. However, problem is that even experts have difficulties differentiating lacquer and CNSL as they have similar components. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify the difference between lacquer and CNSL using IR and Py-GC/MS. As a result of IR, in lacquer, $720cm^{-1}$ peak was detected and in CNSL, $750cm^{-1}$, $720cm^{-1}$ and $700cm^{-1}$ peaks were detected. The results of Py-GC/MS detect benzene compounds and alkyl chains for both varnishes. However, hexanoic acid was detected from CNSL but not lacquer. Using these analytical methods, the differences between lacquer and CNSL can be identified on the scene. This is expected to be applied to the authentic conservation and restoration of lacquerware.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Chen, J. 1974. Han Fei Collection, China.
  2. Chen, Y. 1996. The Origin of Chinese Lacquerware, National Palace Museum, China.
  3. Cho, S.M. 2000. Study of Characteristic Properties on Lacquer and its Film Processing.
  4. Choi, J.D. 2008. The Nara Document on Authenticity, Journal of Architectural History 17(1): 127-133.
  5. Choi, S.C., Kim, S.D., Lee, Y.H., Ko, Y.H., Ham, S.W. 2011. Studies on Analysis of Joseon Lacquer Layer, Journal of the Korean Society of Conservation Science for Cultural Heritage 27(4): 371-380.
  6. Coates, J. 2006. Interpretation of Infrared Spectra, A Practical Approach, 159-160.
  7. Do, C.H., Lee, T.N. 1998. Lacquer Coatings on the Koryo Buddhist Canon Printing Wood Blocks, Journal of the Korean Society of Conservation Science for Cultural Heritage 7(2): 86-91.
  8. Holler, J.F., Skoog, A.D., Crouch, R.S. 2007. Principles of Instrumental Analysis.
  9. Kenjo, T. 1986, Preface of the Analysis of Ancient Lacquer, Conservation Science 25: 49-53.
  10. Kim, H.J., Lee, B.H. 2002. Development Trends of Natural Coatings - Rhus Lacquer, Dendropanax Lacquer and Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) Lacquer, Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 5(5): 35-43.
  11. Kim, S.C. 2007. Analysis and Conservation of Lacquer Wares from Archaeological Sites in Korea.
  12. Kim, Y.J., Park, W.K. 2006. Tree-Ring Dating of the 19th Century Korean Woodworks, the Korean Society of Conservation Science for Cultural Heritage.
  13. Larranaga, M., Lewis, R., Lewis, R. 2016. Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
  14. Lee, B. 1809. Bachelor Series, Korea.
  15. Lee, G.G. 1834. Natural Research Book of Five States, Korea.
  16. National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2012. Ethical Guidelines for Conservators.
  17. National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2014. Study on the Adhesive Properties of Lacquer and Glue.
  18. Niimura, N., Miyakoshi, T. 2003. Characterization of Natural Resin Films and Identification of Ancient Coating, Japanese Mass Spectrometer Society 51(4): 449-456.
  19. Socrates, G. 2004. Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies.
  20. Song, H.G. 1998. Development of Production Technique of Refined Lacquer, Report of Agricultural Development and Research.
  21. Weigel, U.-M., Herges, R. 1992. Automatic Interpretation of Infrared Spectra: Recognition of Aromatic Subsitution Patterns Using Neural Networks, Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Science (32): 723-731.
  22. Yang, P.S., Moon, S.Y. 2005. Research of Restoration Material in Pottery and Porcelain Conservation, Conservation Science Studies (2): 30-57.