Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
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Genetic Analysis Strategies for Improving Race Performance of Thoroughbred Racehorse and Jeju Horse

서러브레드 경주마와 제주마의 경주 능력 향상을 위한 유전체 분석 전략

  • Baek, Kyung-Wan (Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Gim, Jeong-An (Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Jung-Jun (Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University)
  • 백경완 (부산대학교 스포츠과학부) ;
  • 김정안 (부산대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과) ;
  • 박정준 (부산대학교 스포츠과학부)
  • Received : 2017.12.08
  • Accepted : 2018.01.25
  • Published : 2018.01.30
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Abstract

In ancient times, horse racing was done in ancient European countries in the form of wagon races or mountain races, and wagon racing was adopted as a regular event at the Greek Olympic Games. Thoroughbred horse has been bred since 17th century by intensive selective breeding for its speed, stamina, and racing ability. Then, in the 18th century, horse racing using the Thoroughbred species began to gain popularity among nobles. Since then, horse racing has developed into various forms in various countries and have developed into flat racing, steeplechasing, and harness racing. Thoroughbred racehorse has excellent racing abilities because of powerful selection breeding strategy for 300 years. It is necessary to maintain and maximize horses' ability to race, because horse industries produce enormous economic benefits through breeding, training, and horse racing. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods which process large amounts of genomic data have been developed recently. Based on the remarkable development of these genomic analytical techniques, it is now possible to easily carry out animal breeding strategies with superior traits. In order to select breeding racehorse with superior racing traits, the latest genomic analysis techniques have to be introduced. In this paper, we will review the current efforts to improve race performance for racehorses and to examine the research trends of genomic analysis. Finally, we suggest to utilize genomic analysis in Thoroughbred racehorse and Jeju horse, and propose a strategy for selective breeding for Jeju horse, which contributes job creation of Korea.

말을 활용한 경주는 고대 유럽의 여러 국가들에서 마차 경주 혹은 산악 경주 등의 형태로 이루어졌으며, 고대 그리스 올림픽에서 마차 경주가 정식 종목으로 채택되었다. 서러브레드종은 17세기부터 속도, 체력, 그리고 경주 능력을 위해 선택적으로 교배되었다. 그 결과, 18세기부터 귀족들이 향유하는 스포츠로서 서러브레드종을 활용한 경주가 시행되었다. 이후 여러 국가에서 각기 다양한 형태로 발달하여 현재 크게 평지 경주, 장애물 경주, 마차 경주 등으로 발달하였다. 서러브레드 경주마는 300여 년 동안 강력한 선발 육종 전략에 의하여 선택되어 왔기에, 현재 우수한 경주 능력을 갖추고 있다. 말산업은 번식, 조련, 경마 등을 통하여 막대한 경제적 효과를 유발하기에, 말의 경주 능력을 유지하고 극대화하는 것이 필요하다. 최근에 많은 양의 게놈 데이터를 처리하기 위해 차세대 시퀀싱(Next Generation Sequencing; NGS)이 개발되었으며, 이 분석 기술의 현저한 발전을 토대로 우수한 형질을 가진 동물 육종 전략을 쉽게 수행 할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서 뛰어난 경주 능력을 가진 경주마를 선발 육종하기 위해서는 최신 유전체 분석 기술을 활용하는 전략이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 경주마의 경주 능력을 향상시키기 의한 유전체 분석의 현재의 노력을 알아보고, 마지막으로 경주마와 제주마에서 유전체 분석을 활용하는 전략을 제안할 것이며, 대한민국의 생명자원인 제주마의 선발 육종 전략을 제안할 것이다. 말 산업은 기술, 사회 및 경제 분야에서 인간에게 강력한 파급 효과를 주는 동물 중 하나이다. 우리는 국내 고부가가치 말의 원천적인 유전 정보를 확보하고 선발 육종 할 수 있는 체계적인 기술을 확립하여 생산, 연구 업무 등에 대한 일자리 확보에 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다.

Keywords

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