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Anti-inflammation effect of blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) leaf extract on RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide

Lipopolysaccharide에 의해 활성화된 RAW 264.7대식세포에서 블루베리 잎(Vaccinium ashei) 추출물의 항염증 효과

  • Kim, Dong In (Department of Cosmeceutical sciece, DaeguHanny University) ;
  • Kim, Hyun Jung (Department of Cosmeceutical sciece, DaeguHanny University) ;
  • Yun, Jong Moon (Department of Cosmeceutical sciece, DaeguHanny University) ;
  • Lee, Ji Hye (Department of Cosmeceutical sciece, DaeguHanny University) ;
  • Han, So Jung (Department of Cosmeceutical sciece, DaeguHanny University) ;
  • Kim, Ha Eun (Department of Cosmeceutical sciece, DaeguHanny University) ;
  • Jang, Min Jung (R&D Team, Humancosmetic Co., Ltd.) ;
  • An, Bong Jeun (Department of Cosmeceutical sciece, DaeguHanny University)
  • 김동인 (대구한의대학교 화장품약리학과) ;
  • 김현정 (대구한의대학교 화장품약리학과) ;
  • 윤종문 (대구한의대학교 화장품약리학과) ;
  • 이지혜 (대구한의대학교 화장품약리학과) ;
  • 한소정 (대구한의대학교 화장품약리학과) ;
  • 김하은 (대구한의대학교 화장품약리학과) ;
  • 장민정 (휴먼코스메틱(주)) ;
  • 안봉전 (대구한의대학교 화장품약리학과)
  • Received : 2018.01.11
  • Accepted : 2018.02.19
  • Published : 2018.02.28

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and intracellular anti-inflammatory efficacy of blueberry leaf extracted with hot water (BLW), 70% ethanol (BLE), and 70% acetone (BLA) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of blueberry leaf extracts, RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce the production of inflammation-related factors, which were measure by Western blotting and real-time PCR methods. i-NOS, COX-2 protein, and mRNA expression showed concentration-dependent decrease. The decreases in the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) were concentration-dependent. Further, the antioxidant effects of blueberry leaf on total polyphenol contents, electron donating ability and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity were evaluated. The total polyphenol contents of BLW, BLE, and BLA were $217.04{\pm}2.98$, $156.72{\pm}3.90$, and $182.88{\pm}3.02mg\;TAE/g$, respectively, while the electron donating abilities at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ of BLW, BLE, and BLA were 81.7, 79.6, and 79.3%, respectively. The $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity was fond to be concentration dependent. The nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition activities at $50{\mu}g/mL$ of BLW, BLE, and BLA were 35.1, 42.4 and 42.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory test results indicate that blueberry leaf extracts (BLW, BLE, and BLA) can be used as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

본 연구의 목적은 블루베리 잎의 용매별 추출물에 따른 약리활성에 대한 검증 및 효능 평가이다. 블루베리 잎의 항산화, 항염증에 대한 효과를 확인하였다. 염증 반응은 자극이 가해지면 histamine, serotonin, prostaglandin과 같은 혈관 활성물질에 의해 혈관 투과성이 증대되어 염증을 유발하고 cytokine, free radical, lysosomal enzyme 등 다양한 매개 인자가 관여한다. 자극에 의한 macrophage cell의 염증반응은 tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-$1{\beta}$(IL-$1{\beta}$)와 같은 pro-inflammatory cytokine의 발현이 유도되고, inducible nitric oxide synthase(i-NOS)와 cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)에 영향을 받는 유전자의 발현을 자극하게 되어 nitric oxide(NO) 및 $PGE_2$등의 염증 인자가 생성된다. 이에 따라 블루베리 잎 추출물의 항염증에 대한 연구를 위해 이에 영향을 주는 인자인 i-NOS, COX-2의 단백질 발현억제 작용을 확인 하였다. 그 결과 BLA > BLE > BLW 순서로 높은 효능을 확인 할 수 있었다. 가장 효과가 좋은 BLA 처리군에서 $PGE_2$ 분비량 및 다양한 염증성 인자의 mRNA 발현량을 확인하였다. 측정 결과, BLA($100{\mu}g/mL$)는 $PGE_2$ 분비량을 85.3% 억제하였으며 i-NOS, COX-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ 단백질과 mRNA 발현이 각각 86.8%, 85.7%, 62.7%, 77%, 32.2% 억제되는 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 블루베리 70% 아세톤 추출물(BLA)의 항염증 효과가 가장 높았으며, 블루베리 잎은 세포의 mRNA 및 단백질 수준에서 염증인자들의 억제를 통해 대식세포에서 항염증 효과가 명백히 확인되었다. 더 나아가, nuclear factor kappa B(NF-${\kappa}B$), signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT-1), mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) 등의 세포 내 염증관련 중간기전을 연구해볼 가치가 있다고 사료된다.

Keywords

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