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Design and Manufacturing Technology of Heat Exchanger in Air Compressor for Railroad Vehicle by 3D Printing Process

3D 프린팅 적용 철도차량용 공기압축기의 열교환기 설계 및 제작 기술 연구

  • Kim, Moosun (Metropolitan Transit Convergence Research Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute)
  • 김무선 (한국철도기술연구원 광역도시철도융합연구실)
  • Received : 2017.09.29
  • Accepted : 2017.11.03
  • Published : 2017.11.30

Abstract

3D printing technology is a manufacturing process for products, in which polymer and metal materials are laminated to form structures. It is advantageous for manufacturing parts requiring a high degree of design freedom and functionality. In addition, it would be a suitable technology for the production of parts for railway vehicles in the future, due to the need to produce parts in small quantities. In order to fully exploit the advantages of 3D printing technology, it is necessary to consider the process characteristics during the design of the product. In this study, the redesign and manufacturing technology of the product considering the performance and process conditions were studied for the heat exchanger in the air compressor of railway vehicles, as a trial application of the 3D printing technique. First of all, the design concept to improve the performance of the heat exchanger was defined, and the design range was specified to satisfy the performance of the present heat exchanger analyzed experimentally. Then, the detailed design was revised considering the characteristics of the metal 3D printing process, such as the manufacturing restrictions and production time. Based on the final design, the product was fabricated by the 3D printing process using aluminum material, and it was confirmed that the dimensional accuracy was satisfied. The weight of the final product was reduced by 41% compared with the existing products. The results of this study will make it possible to develop an efficient product design process for 3D printing technology.

3D 프린팅 제조 기술은 폴리머 및 금속 소재를 구조물 형상으로 적층하여 제품을 제작하는 성형기술로서, 설계 자유도가 높고 기능성을 요구하는 부품 제작에 유리하다. 또한 다품종 소량 생산 특성으로, 향후 철도 차량 부품 제작에 적합한 기술이다. 3D 프린팅 기술의 장점을 충분히 활용하기 위해서는 제품 설계시 공정 특성 고려가 필수이다. 이번 연구에서는 철도차량용 공기압축기의 열교환기를 대상으로, 3D 프린팅 기법 적용을 통한 제작을 위해, 성능과 공정조건을 고려한 제품의 재설계 및 제작 기술을 연구하였다. 먼저 열교환기의 성능을 높이기 위한 설계 컨셉을 정의하고 기존 열교환기의 시험을 통해 성능 분석 후, 이를 만족하기 위한 컨셉 설계 범위를 지정하였다. 또한 금속 3D 프린팅의 제작 한계 및 제작 시간, 특성 등을 고려하여, 상세 설계에 관한 수정을 진행하였다. 도출된 최종 설계안을 토대로, 알루미늄 소재를 사용하여 3D 프린팅 공정을 통해 제품을 제작하고 치수 정밀도를 만족함을 확인하였다. 최종 중량은 기존 제품 대비 41%의 중량 절감 효과를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해, 3D 프린팅 기술 활용을 위한 제품 설계 과정을 정립함으로써, 향후 3D 프린팅 기술 적용시 효율적인 설계가 가능할 것이다.

Keywords

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