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Study on Vinyl Coating Cultivation of Potatoes under Low Temperature Conditions

조기 재배시 감자의 비닐 피복 재배 연구

  • 최관수 (안성시농업기술센터) ;
  • 정건호 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부)
  • Received : 2017.07.08
  • Accepted : 2017.10.24
  • Published : 2017.10.31

Abstract

Appropriate soil temperature and early planting of potato is very important for the successful potato-soybean cropping system in central region of South Korea. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of mulching materials on the growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Five different mulch treatments were had been applied on an upland soil as follows ; no mulch (NM), transparent film (TF), transparent film + additional transparent film (TF + ATF), black film (BF), and black film + additional transparent film (ATF). In the period of sowing time to removing additional films, mean soil temperature of the treatments was in the order of TF+ATF > TF > BR+ATF > BF as $20.3^{\circ}C$ > $18.5^{\circ}C$ > $16.1^{\circ}C$ > $15.4^{\circ}C$, respectively and that of NM was $13.8^{\circ}C$. The accumulated soil temperature was TF > NM > BF during the removing additional films to earthing at inter-tillage. On the changes in the soil temperature during a whole day, the temperature in the BF was lower than NM during around 18:00 PM to 12:00 NM, while NM was higher than BF in the time period of 10:00AM to 21:00PM. The sequence of potato sprout emergence was 15 > 18 > 20 > 22 days of TF+ATF, TF, BF+ATF, and BF, respectively and that of NM was 24 days. Comparing to the NM, potato sprout emergence was observed on the TF+ATF treated plot as early as 9 days. At 10 days before harvest, the significant difference in the tuber dry weight had been observed and the sequence tuber weight was in the order of TF > TF+ATF > BF+ATF > BF > NM. The potato yields of TF, TF+ATF, and BF+ATF were increased of 40.7, 37.3, and 22% as compared to NM ($2,805kg\;10a^{-1}$), but almost same yield in the BF. The differences of tuber dry weight and potato yields was co-related with the temperature rise of soil by the application of mulching materials on soil. Based on these results, application of mulching film had been very effective to increase the tuber size and the yield of potato by the temperature rise during seedling stage of potato. Transparent mulching was better than black mulching especially for the emergence of sprout of potato in relation to minimizing cooling injury.

중부지역에서 감자와 콩의 안전다수확 작부체계를 위해서는 전작물인 봄감자의 조기 파종과 초기생육을 위한 적정 토양 온도의 확보가 결정적 요인으로 작용한다. 따라서 본 실험은 비닐 피복의 종류별 지온상승효과와 이에 따른 감자의 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 봄감자 초기생육기간인 파종부터 덧 필름 제거 시까지 처리구별 평균지온은 무피복구(NM) $13.8^{\circ}C$에 비하여 투명필름+덧 필름 > 투명필름 > 흑색필름+덧 필름 > 흑색필름 순으로 각각 $20.3^{\circ}C$ > $18.5^{\circ}C$ > $16.1^{\circ}C$ > $14.5^{\circ}C$ 높았다. 일중 시간대별 온도변화를 보면, 기온이 낮은 오후 6~9시부터 익일 오전 11~12시까지는 BF의 지온이 NM보다 낮았던 반면, 기온이 높은 오전 10~12시부터 오후 6~9시까지는 NM의 지온이 BF의 지온보다 높았다. 감자 싹의 지상부 출현은 TF+ATF > TF > BF+ATF > BF 순으로 각각 15일 > 18일 > 20일 > 22일 빨랐으며, TF+ATF 처리구의 경우 무처리구(NM) 24일에 비하여 무려9일 이나 빨리 감자 싹이 출현되었다. 수확 10일 전 처리구간 감자 지하부 건물중 차이는 TF > TF+ATF > BF+ATF > BF > NM 순이었으며, 통계적으로 유의성 있게 높았다. 이는 처리구별 지온상승효과와 거의 일치하였다. 감자 수량은 대조구인 NM 처리의 $2,805kg\;10a^{-1}$ 비하여 TF에서 41%, TF+ATF 처리는 37% 및 BF+ATF 처리는 2% 증수되었고, BF 처리는 유사하였다. 본 실험은 비닐피복으로 지온을 높여 생육을 증진시키고자 하는데 목표가 있었다. 본 실험의 결과 봄감자 안전다수확 재배를 위해서는 생육초기 지온상승과 생육촉진효과가 높고 조기파종과 출현을 촉진하여 보다 긴 생육기간을 확보 할 수 있는 투명필름 피복이 효과적이고, 덧 필름 피복은 기상조건에 따라 경제성을 고려하여 선택을 하는 것이 좋은 것으로 판단되어진다.

Keywords

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