DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Investigating Ten-Finger Text Entry on Tablet PCs

  • Choi, Seungho (Hongik University, Department of Industrial Engineering) ;
  • Park, Kyeongjin (Hongik University, Department of Industrial Engineering) ;
  • Kim, Kyungdoh (Hongik University, Department of Industrial Engineering)
  • 투고 : 2016.12.30
  • 심사 : 2017.08.09
  • 발행 : 2017.10.31

초록

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the performance and usability of ten-finger text entry on Tablet PCs. Background: Generally a soft keyboard is used on Tablet PCs. However, the soft keyboard's performance is usually worse than physical keyboard's performance. In this study, we proposed a modified keyboard for tablet PCs to improve the performance of ten-finger text entry and evaluated the performance and subjective ratings of the keyboard. Method: The modified soft keyboard that is suggested in this study was compared with current Google and Samsung soft keyboards on Tablet PCs. Results: The three keyboards were not significantly different in terms of typing speed, error rate, and mental workload and showed bad performance. Also, the subjective ratings were not shown positively. Conclusion: Based on our results, ten-finger text entry using soft keyboards on Tablet PCs seems to be very difficult. However, we need to research the possibility continuously since ten-finger text entry can improve typing speed. Application: Our study can be a starting point of research that explores ten-finger text entry on Tablet PCs. The new soft keyboard design can be one of the soft keyboard alternatives. However, the key factors to improve the performance and usability of the soft keyboard will not be 'key size' or 'convenience to typing special characters or numbers', but other factors (e.g., 'tactile feedback').

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Albinsson, P.A. and Zhai, S., High Precision Touch Screen Interaction, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 5(1), 105-112, 2003.
  2. Armstrong, P. and Wilkinson, B., Text entry of physical and virtual keyboards on tablets and the user perception, Proceedings of the 28th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction, 401-405, 2016.
  3. Chaparro, B., Nguyen, B., Phan, M., Smith, A. and Teves, J., Keyboard Performance: iPad versus Netbook, Usability News, 12(2), 1-9, 2010.
  4. Chaparro, B.S., Phan, M.H. and Jardina, J.R., Usability and Performance of Tablet Keyboards: Microsoft Surface vs. Apple iPad, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 57(1), 1328-1332, 2013.
  5. Chubon, R.A. and Hester, M.R., An Enhanced Standard Computer Keyboard System for Single-Finger and Typing-Stick Typing. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev, 25, 17-24, 1988.
  6. Colle, H.A. and Hiszem, K.J., Standing at a Kiosk: Effects of Key Size and Spacing on Touch Screen Numeric Keypad Performance and User Preference, Ergonomics, 47(13), 1406-1423, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130410001724228
  7. Dandekar, K., Raju, B.I. and Srinivasan, M.A., 3-D Finite-Element Models of Human and Monkey Fingertips to Investigate the Mechanics of Tactile Sense, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 125(5), 682-691, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1613673
  8. Han, BK. and Kim, KT., Typing Performance Evaluation with Multimodal Soft Keyboard Completely Integrated In Commercial Mobile Devices, Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces, 9(3), 173-181, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193-015-0177-4
  9. Hart, Sandra G. and Lowell E. Staveland., Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research, Advances in Psychology, 52, 139-183, 1988.
  10. Hunter, M., Zhai, S. and Smith, B., Physics-based Graphical Keyboard Design, CHI00' extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, 157-158, 2000.
  11. Kim, J.H., Aulck, L., Thamsuwan, O., Bartha, M.C. and Johnson, P.W., The Effect of Key Size of Touch Screen Virtual Keyboards on Productivity, Usability, and Typing Biomechanics, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics, 56(7), 1235-1248, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720814531784
  12. Komninos, A. and Dunlop, M., Text Input on a Smart Watch, Pervasive Computing, IEEE, 13(4), 50-58, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2014.77
  13. Kuno, Y. and Shizuki, B., Meyboard: A QWERTY-Based Soft Keyboard for Touch-Typing on Tablets. In International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 193-207, 2017.
  14. Lewis, J.R., Kennedy, P.J. and LaLomia, M.J., Development of a Diagram-Based Typing Key Layout for Single-Finger/Stylus Input, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 43(5), 415-419, 1999.
  15. Liebowitz, S.J. and Margolis, S.E., Path Dependence, Lock-In, and History, Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 11(1), 205-226, 1995.
  16. MacKenzie, I.S. and Soukoreff, R.W., Phrase Sets for Evaluating Text Entry Techniques, CHI'03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, 754-755, 2003.
  17. MacKenzie, I.S. and Tanaka-Ishii, K., Text entry Systems: Mobility, accessibility, universality, MorganKaufmannPublishers, 2007.
  18. MacKenzie, I.S. and Zhang, S.X., The Design and Evaluation of a High-Performance Soft Keyboard, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 25-31, 1999.
  19. Madhuka, G.P.D. and Dias, G.V., HTML5 Based Email Client with Touch Enabled Advanced User Interface for Tabs and Tablets, Proceedings of ITRU Research Symposium, 30-34, 2015.
  20. Schedlbauer, M., Effects Of Key Size and Spacing on The Completion Time and Accuracy of Input Tasks on Soft Keypads Using Trackball and Touch Input, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 51(5), 429-433, 2007.
  21. Shi, W., Yang, J., Jiang, Y., Yang, F. and Xiong, Y., Senguard: Passive user identification on smartphones using multiple sensors. In Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), Proceeding of the 7th International Conference on IEEE, 141-148, 2011.
  22. Soukoreff, R.W., and MacKenzie, I.S., Metrics for Text Entry Research: An Evaluation of MSD and KSPC, and a New Unified Error Metric. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, 113-120, 2003.
  23. Textware Solution, The Fitaly One-Finger Keyboard, 1998, http://fitaly.com/fitaly/fitaly.html (retrieved April 4, 2006).
  24. Taylor, B., Laptop vs. tablets: how they compare for true productivity, 2014 http://www.pcworld.com/article/2602917/laptopvstablets-how-they-compare-for-true-productivity.html (retrieved May 28, 2017).
  25. Zhai, S., Hunter, M. and Smith, B.A., Performance Optimization of Virtual Keyboards. Human-Computer Interaction, 17(2-3), 229-269, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327051HCI172&3_4