Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing (중환자간호학회지)

Korean Society of Critical Care Nursing (한국중환자간호학회)
권호 표지

The Effects of Active Warming on Pain, Temperature, and Thermal Discomfort in Postoperative Patients after General Anesthesia for Abdominal Surgery

전신마취 복부 수술 후 적극적인 가온요법이 통증, 체온 및 체온불편감에 미치는 효과

  • Kim, Unjin (Inje University) ;
  • Lee, Yun Mi (Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Science, Inje University)
  • 김언진 (인제대학교 대학원) ;
  • 이윤미 (인제대학교 간호학과, 건강과학연구소)
  • Received : 2017.09.08
  • Accepted : 2017.10.24
  • Published : 2017.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of active warming using a Warm Touch warming system or a cotton blanket in postoperative patients after general anesthesia for abdominal surgery. Methods : This quasi-experimental study utilized two experimental groups and one control group: a cotton-blanket group (n = 25) were warmed with a cotton blanket and a sheet; a forced-air warming group (n = 24) were warmed with a Warm Touch warming system, a cotton blanket, and a sheet; and a control group (n = 25) were warmed with a sheet. Measurement variables were postoperative pain, body temperature, and thermal discomfort. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, ${\chi}^2-tests$, Fisher's exact test, and a repeated measures ANOVA. Results : The effects of active warming using a Warm Touch warming system and a cotton blanket on postoperative patients was significant in reducing pain (F = 13.91, p < .001) and increasing body temperature (F = 12.49, p < .001). Conclusion : Active warming made a significant difference in pain and body temperature changes. Active warming methods may help patients' postoperative recovery and prevent complications. Further research is needed to explore the effects and side effects of active warming on recovering normothermia.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, S. H., & Im, M. O. (2004). Perception of nonpharmacological therapy for pain control and pattern of postoperative pain in gynecological surgery patients. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 10(2), 128-135.
  2. American Society of Perianesthesia Nurses. (2003). ASPAN pain and comfort clinical guideline. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 18(4), 232-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1089-9472(03)00129-1
  3. Argoff, C. E. (2014). Recent management advances in acute postoperative pain. Pain Practice, 14(5), 477-487. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.12108
  4. Benson, E. E., McMillan, D. E., & Ong, B. (2012). The effects of active warming on patient temperature and pain after total knee arthropathy. The American Journal of Nursing, 112(5), 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000414315.41460.bf
  5. Choi, K. H. (2008). Comparison of forced air warming and radiant heating on body temperature and shivering of post-operative patients. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing, 20(1), 135-148.
  6. Denise, O. B., Mary, L. V., Jane, E. A., Beverly, A. S., & Michelle, M. (2010). Comfort, satisfaction, and anxiolytic in surgical patients using a patientadjustable comfort warming system: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 25(2), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2010.01.008
  7. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  8. Fossum, S., Hays, J., & Henson, M. M. (2001). A comparison study on the effects of prewarming patients in the outpatient surgery setting. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 16(3), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1053/jpan.2001.24039
  9. Ghaffaripour, S., Mahmoudi, H., Sahmeddini, M. A., Alipour, A., & Chohedri, A., (2013). Music can effectively reduce pain perception in women rather than men. Pakistan Journal of Medical Science, 29(1), 128-131.
  10. Han, H. J., Jung, S. R., Lee, S. H., Choi, K. R., Cha, N. J., & Sin, Y. R. (2010). The effect of warming intravenous fluids on body temperature change under a general anesthesia, shivering, and recovery. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research, 16(1), 71-82.
  11. Hong, S. J., Lee, J. M., & Kim, Y. K. (2010). The effect of warming methods on the vital signs and thermal discomfort of the patient with gastrectomy. Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science, 12(2), 81-88.
  12. Hooper, V. D., Chard, R., Clifford, T., Fetzer, S., Fossum, S., Godden, B., . . . Wilson, L. (2010). ASPAN's evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the promotion of preoperative normothermia: second edition. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 25(6), 346-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2010.10.006
  13. Joo, Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, J. T., Kim, H. S., Lee, S. C., Kim, J. S., & Kim, S. D. (2009). Effect of active warming on shivering during spinal anesthesia. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 57(2), 176-180. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2009.57.2.176
  14. Kim, E. Y., & Choi, E. S. (2010). Effects of head and neck massage on anxiety, pain, and discomfort in hysterectomy patients. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 16(1), 60-68. https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2010.16.1.60
  15. Kim, J. S. (2004). Anesthesia and temperature. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 47(5), 609-616. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2004.47.5.609
  16. Kim, N. H., & Kim, Y. K. (2007). The effects of warming therapy on body temperature and discomfort for patients with surgery. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research, 13(3), 55-67
  17. Kim, Y. J. (2011). The effect of intraoperative warming on body temperature, shivering, perceived thermal discomfort among patients with spinal surgery. Unpublished master's thesis. Eulji University, Daejeon.
  18. Kolcaba, K. (2003). Comfort theory and practice: a vision for holistic health care and research. New York, NY; Springer Publishing Co.
  19. Kolcaba, K., & Wilson, L. (2002). Comfort care: a framework for perianesthesia nursing. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 17(2), 102-114. https://doi.org/10.1053/jpan.2002.31657
  20. Kurz, A., Sessler, D., Narzt, E., Bekar, A., Lenhardt, R., Huemer, G., & Lackner, F. (1995). Postoperative hemodynamic and thermoregulatory consequences of intraoperative core hypothermia. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 7(5), 359-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/0952-8180(95)00028-G
  21. Matsuxzk, Y., Matsukawa, T., Ohiki, K., Yamamoto, Y., Nakamura, M., & Oshibuchi, T. (2003). Warming by resistive heating maintains perioperative normothermia as well as forced air heating. British Journal of Anesthesiology, 90(5), 689-691. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeg106
  22. Park, H. S., & Yoon, H. S. (2007). A comparison of the effects of intravenous fluid warming and skin surface warming on perioperative body temperature and acid base balance of elderly patients with abdominal surgery. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 37(7), 1061-1072. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.7.1061
  23. Park, O. B., & Choi, H. J. (2010). The Effect of prewarming for patients under abdominal surgery on body temperature, anxiety, pain, and thermal comfort. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 40(3), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.3.317
  24. Park, S. J., & Kim, S. Y. (2015). Effects of forced air warming on body temperature, shivering and pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. Journal of Korean Fundamental of Nursing, 22(3), 287-296. https://doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2015.22.3.287
  25. Rabini, A., Piazzini, D. B., Tancredi, G., Foti, C., Milano, G., & Ronconi, G. (2012). Deep heating therapy via microwave diathermy relieves pain and improves physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 48(4), 549-559.
  26. Roberta, A., Brooks, J., Dayhoff, N. E., & Keck, J. (2002). Pain intensity and postoperative pulmonary complications among the elderly after abdominal surgery. Heart Lung, 31(6), 440-449. https://doi.org/10.1067/mhl.2002.129449
  27. Son, Y. J., Park, Y. S., Kim, H. E., Choi, J. Y., Lee, K. M., & Lee, Y. H. (2015). Effects of music therapy on pain, anxiety and length of stay of patients with laparoscopic hysterectomy in the postanesthesia care unit. Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science, 17(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.7586/jkbns.2015.17.1.28
  28. The Korean Society of Anesthesiologists. (2009). Anesthesiology Science II. Seoul: Elsevier Korea.
  29. Wagner, D., Byrne, M., & Kolcaba, K. (2006). Effects of comfort warming on preoperative patients. AORN Journal, 84(3), 427-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-2092(06)63920-3