환경생물 (Korean Journal of Environmental Biology)

  • 제35권3호
  • /
  • Pages.361-372
  • /
  • 2017
  • /
  • 1226-9999(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-7851(eISSN)
한국환경생물학회 (Korean Society of Environmental Biology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

와편모조 시스트 분포에 의한 울산연안 해역의 생물해양환경 특성

Marine Bio-environmental Characteristics with the Distributions of Dinoflagellate Cyst Assemblages in the Ulsan Coastal Waters (UCW)

  • Yoon, Yang Ho (School of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University)
  • 투고 : 2017.07.17
  • 심사 : 2017.08.08
  • 발행 : 2017.09.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

울산연안 해역 표층퇴적물 중의 와편모조 시스트 군집에 의한 생물해양학적 환경특성을 파악하기 위해 2016년 4월 15개의 정점을 대상으로 저층의 해양환경과 와편모조 시스트를 분석하였다. 시스트 표본은 Smith-Mcintyre 채니기를 이용하여 0~2 cm의 표층퇴적물을 채집하였다. 결과, 수심의 깊은 울산연안 해역의 저층에는 저층혼탁수증의 출현하는 것으로 추정되었고, 식물플랑크톤 군집은 규조에 의해 지배되는 특징을 보였다. 와편모조 시스트는 6그룹 9속 33종으로 Protoperidinioid 그룹이 17종으로 51.58%, Gonyaulacoid 그룹이 10종에 30.4%, Gymnodinioid 그룹이 3종에 9.1%, 그리고 Calciodineloid, Diplosaliod 및 Tuberculodinoid 그룹이 각 1종으로 각 3.5%의 출현점유율을 보였다. 시스트 세포밀도는 $260{\sim}1,680cysts\;g-dry^{-1}$의 범위로 육지에 인적한 해역보다 개방해역에서 높은 특징을 보였다. 우점종은 독립영양종인 Gonyaulax scrippsae, G. spinifera complex 및 종속영양종 Protoperidinium 속이었다. 이 중 종속영양종인 Protoperidinium sp.는 울산항 등 태화강 하구역에서 높은 농도로 출현하는 반면, 독립영양종은 울산항 외부의 남부개방해역에서 높게 나타나, 울산항 및 태화강 하구역은 이미 상당부분 부영양화가 진행된 것으로 판단되었다. 특히 열대 및 아열대성 유독와편모조인 Pyrodiniun bahamense var. bahamense가 출현하는 이례적 현상이 보여져, 남해는 물론 동해남부까지도 수온 변화에 따른 열대나 아열대의 새로운 유독편모조류 유입 등에 대한 모니터링 및 관리방안 수립이 시급한 것으로 판단되었다.

This study described the spatial distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the Ulsan Coastal Waters (UCW). Surface sediment samples from 15 stations revealed the occurrence of 33 species involving the Groups Protoperidinioid (51.5%), Gonyaulacoid (30.4%), Calciodineloid (9.1%), Gymnodinioid (3.0%), Diplopsallid (3.0%) and Tuberculodinioid (3.0%). The recorded cyst abundance in the UCW recorded was low ($260{\sim}1,680cysts\;g-dry^{-1}$) compared to Korean coastal waters. The abundance of heterotrophic cysts is higher in the Ulsan harbour and northwestern parts of UCW with eutrophic areas, however autotrophic species are more prevalent in the southern parts with open sea environments. The dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the UCW were characterized by the dominance of Gonyaulax scrippsae, Protoperidinium sp. (Brigantedinium sp.), and Gonyaulax spinifera complex. The advent of the toxic dinoflagellate, Pyrodinium bahamense var. bahamense was recorded for the first time in the East-south sea of Korea. Therefore, as a result of ongoing monitoring and management for new toxic dinoflegallates from tropical or subtropical regions, analysis of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the UCW has been deemed necessary.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Anderson DM. 1984. The roles of dormant cysts in toxic dinoflagellate blooms and shellfish toxicity. pp. 125-138. In Seafood Toxins. American Chem. Soc. Symp. Series (Ragelis E ed.). Washington, DC
  2. Andesrson DM, Y Fukuyo and K Matsuoka. 1995. Cyst methodologies. pp. 229-250. In Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae (Hallegraeff GM, DM Andesrson and AD Cembella eds.). IOC Manual and Guides No. 33, IOC of UNESCO.
  3. Anderson DM and D Wall. 1978. Potential importance of benthic cysts of Gonyaulax tamarensis and G. excavata in initiating toxic dinoflagellate blooms. J. Phycol. 14:224-234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1978.tb02452.x
  4. Bonnet S, A de Vernal, R Gersonde and L Lembke-Jene. 2012. Modern distribution of dinocysts from the North Pacific Ocean (37-$64^{\circ}N,\;144^{\circ}E-148^{\circ}W$) in relation to hydrographic conditions, sea-ice and productivity. Mar. Micropaleont. 84/85:87-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.11.006
  5. Cho HJ and K Matsuoka. 2001. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Mar. Micropaleont. 42:103-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(01)00016-0
  6. Cho HJ, Ch Kim, CH Moon and K Matsuoka. 2003. Dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from the Southern coastal waters of Korea. Bot. Mar. 46:332-337.
  7. Cho HJ, JB Lee and CH Moon. 2004. Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the surface sediments from the East China Sea around Jeju island. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 22:192-199.
  8. Dale B. 1983. Dinoflagellate resting cyst. pp. 69-144. In Survival Strategies of the Algae (Fryxell GA ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
  9. Dale B. 2001. Marine dinoflagellate cysts as indicators of eutrophication and industrial pollution: a discussion. Sci. Total Environ. 264:235-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00719-1
  10. Dale B. 2009. Eutrophication signals in the sedimentary record of dinoflagellate cysts in coastal waters. J. Sea Res. 61:103-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2008.06.007
  11. Dale B, TA Thorsen and A Fjellsa. 1999. Dinoflagellate cysts as indicators of cultural eutrophication in the Oslofjord, Norway. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 48:371-382. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1999.0427
  12. D'Costa PM, AC Anil, JS Patil, S Hegde, MS D'Silva and M Chourasia. 2008. Dinoflagellates in a mesotrophic, tropical environment influenced by monsoon. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 77:77-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.09.002
  13. Furio EF, RV Azanza, Y Fukuyo and K Matsuoka. 2012. Review of geographical distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in Southeast Asian coasts. Coast. Mar. Sci. 35:20-33.
  14. Head MJ. 1996. Modern dinoflagellate cysts and their biological affinies. pp. 1197-1248. In Palynology: Principles and Applications, vol. 3, chapter 30 (Jansonius J and DC McGregor eds.). AASP Foundation, Dallas, Texas
  15. Hwang CH, KY Lim, Y Lee and CH Kim. 2011. Spatial distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts in Yellow Sea surface sediments. Algae 26:41-50. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2011.26.1.041
  16. Hwang CH, S Heo and CH Kim. 2009. Horizontal distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts in sediments from the Southeastern Yellow Sea. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 42:68-72.
  17. Inoue I. 2007. The Natural History of Algae (2nd eds). Perspective of Three Million Years Evolution of Algae, Earth and Environment. Tokai Univ. Press, Tokyo, 643pp.
  18. Ismael A, E El-Masry and A Khadr. 2014. Dnoflagellate [cyst] [S1] as signals for eutrophication in the eastern harbour of Alexandria-Egypt. Indian J. Geo-Mar. Sci. 43:365-371.
  19. Joo HM, JH Lee and SW Jung. 2011. Correlations between cell abundance, bio-volume and chlorophyll a concentration of phytoplankton communities in coastal waters of Incheon, Tongyeong and Ulsan of Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 29:312-320.
  20. Joyce LB, GC Pitcher, A du Randt and PMS Monteir. 2005. Dinoflagellate cysts from surface sediments of Saldanha Bay, South Africa: an indication of the potential risk of harmful algal blooms. Harmful Algae 4:309-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2004.08.001
  21. Kang YJ, TH Ko, JA Lee, JB Lee and IK Chung. 1999. The community dynamics of phytoplankton and distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in Tongyoung Bay, Korea. Algae 14:43-54.
  22. Kawana K and T Tanimoto. 1984. Turbid bottom water layer and bottom sediment in the Seto Inland Sea. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan 40:175-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02302550
  23. Kim HG, JS Park and SG Lee. 1990. Coastal algal blooms caused by the cyst-forming dinoflagellates. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 23:468-474.
  24. Kim HJ, CH Moon and HJ Cho. 2005. Spacial-temporal characteristics of dinoflagellate cyst distribution in sediments of Busan harbour. The Sea-J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr. 10:196-203.
  25. Kim SY, CH Moon, HJ Cho and DI Lim. 2009. Dinoflagellate cysts in coastal sediments as indicators of eutrophication: A case of Kwangyang bay, South Sea of Korea. Est. Coasts 32:1225-1233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-009-9212-6
  26. Kolla V, L Sullivan, SS Streeter and MG Langseth. 1976. Spreading of Antarctic Bottom Water and its effects on the floor of the Indian Ocean inferred from bottom-water potential temperature, turbidity, and sea-floor photography. Mar. Geol. 21:171-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(76)90058-X
  27. Kwon OY and JH Kang. 2013. Seasonal variation of physicochemical factors and size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass at Ulsan seaport of East Sea in Korea. J. Korea Aca. Indus. Coop. Soc. 14:6008-6014.
  28. Lee JB, DY Kim and JA Lee. 1998. Community dynamic and distribution of dinoflagellates and their cysts in Masan-Chinhae Bay, Korea. J. Fish. Sci. Tech. 1:283-292.
  29. Lee JB and K Matsuoka. 1996. Dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of southern Korean waters. pp. 173-176. In Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms (Yasumoto T, Y Oshima and Y Fukuyo eds.). IOC of Unesco. Paris
  30. Lee JB and KI Yoo. 1991. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in Masan Bay, Korea. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Korea 26:304-312.
  31. Lee MH, JB Lee, JA Lee and JG Park. 1999. Community structure of flagellates and dynamics of resting cysts in Kamak bay, Korea. Algae 14:255-266.
  32. Lee MJ, D Kim, YO Kim, MM Sohn, CH Moon and DH Baek. 2016. Seasonal phytoplankton growth and distribution pattern by environmental factor changes in inner and outer bay of Ulsan, Korea. The Sea J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr. 21:24-35.
  33. Matsuoka K. 1999. Eutrophication process recorded in dinoflagellate cyst assemblages - a case of Yokohama Port, Tokyo Bay, Japan. Sci. Total Environ. 231:17-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00087-X
  34. Matsuoka K and Y Fukuyo. 2000. Technical guide for modern diniflagellate cyst study. WESTPAC- HAB/WESTPAC/IOC, 29pp.
  35. Matsuoka K, A Mizuno, M Iwataki, Y Takano, T Yamatogi, YH Yoon and JB Lee. 2010. Seed populations of a harmful unarmored dinoglagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef in the East China Sea. Harmful Algae 9:548-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2010.04.003
  36. McQuoid MR and K Nordberg. 2003. The diatom Paralia sulcata as an environmental indicator species in coastal sediments. Est., Coast. Shelf Sci. 56:339-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00187-7
  37. Narale DD, JS Patil and AC Anil. 2013. Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in recent sediments along the south-east coast of India. Oceanologia 55:979-1003. https://doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-4.979
  38. Park B, Y Kim and YH Yoon. 2016. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of the coastal areas around Jeju Island, Korea. J. Korean Soc. Mar. Environ. Energy 19: 310-321. https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2016.19.4.310
  39. Park JS and YH Yoon. 2003. Marine environmental characteristics by distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the Southwestern coastal waters of Korea. 1. Spatio-temporal distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in Gamak Bay. J. Korean Fish. 36:151-156.
  40. Park JS, YH Yoon, IH Noh and HY Soh. 2005. A study of organic matter and dinoflagellate cyst on surface sediments in the central parts of South Sea, Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 23:163-172.
  41. Park JS, YH Yoon, IH Noh, HY Soh and HH Shin. 2008. The marine environment and dinoflagellates cysts in the Southwestern Sea of Korea. Algae 23:135-140. https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2008.23.2.135
  42. Park KH, KY Kim, CH Kim and HG Kim. 2004. Spatio-temporal distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts at the Saemangeum Area. J. Korean Fish. 37:202-208.
  43. Pospelova V and SJ Kim. 2010. Dinoflagellate cysts in recent estuarine sediments from aquaculture sites of southern South Korea. Mar. Micropaleont. 76:37-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.04.003
  44. Price AM and V Pospelova. 2011. High-resolution sediment trap study of organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst production and biogenic silica flux in Saanich Inlet (BC, Canada). Mar. Micropaleont. 80:18-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.03.003
  45. Saetre MML, B Dale, MAI Abdullah and GP Saetre. 1997. Dinoflagellate cysts as potential indicators of industrial pollution in a Norwegian Fjord. Mar. Environ. Res. 44:167-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(96)00109-2
  46. Sakamoto W and K Kawana. 1989. Seasonal change of bottom high turbidity layer in Osaka bay. Bull. Japanese Soc. Fish. Oceanogr. 53:6-12.
  47. Shin HH, YH Yoon and K Matsuoka. 2007a. Modern dinoflagellate cyst distribution of the Eastern part of Geoje Island, Korea. Ocean Sci. J. 42:31-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03020908
  48. Shin HH, YH Yoon and JS Park. 2007b. Marine environmental characteristics on the dinoflagellate cysts distribution in surface sediments in the Southwest Sea, Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 25:205-214.
  49. Shin HH, YH Yoon, YO Kim and K Matsuoka. 2011. Dinoflagellate cyst in surface sediments from Southern Coast of Korea. Est. Coasts 34:712-725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9373-y
  50. Sun CI, DJ Kim, YW Lee and SS Kim. 2015. Pollution and ecological risk assessment of trace metals in surface sediments of the Ulsan-Onsan coast. J. Korean Soc. Mar. Environ. Energy 18:245-253. https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2015.18.4.245
  51. Tanimoto T and A Hoshika. 1997. Transport of total suspended matter, particulate organic carbon, organic nitrogen and phosphorus in the inner part of Osaka Bay. J. Oceanogr. 53:365-371.
  52. Taylor FJR. 1987. Ecology of dinoflagellates: general and marine ecosystems. pp. 398-502. In The Biology of Dinoflagellates (Taylor FJR ed.). Blackwell, Oxford
  53. Throndsen J. 1978. Preservation and storage. pp. 69-74. In Phytoplankton manual (Sournia A ed.). Unesco, Paris
  54. Yoon YH. 2011. Marine environment and phytoplankton community in the southwester sea of Korea. pp. 68-93. In The Plankton Ecology of Korean Coastal Waters (Choi JK ed.). Donghwa Tech. Publ. Co., Seoul.
  55. Yoon YH. 2017. Distributions of phytoplankton community in the southern Ulsan coastal waters (SUCW) during increasing water temperature seasons. Bull. Fish. Sci. Inst. Chonnam Nat'l Univ. 25:24-36.
  56. Yoon YH and HH Shin. 2013. Summary on the dinoflagellate cysts assemblages of modern sediments drom Korean coastal waters and adjoining sea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 31:243-274. https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2013.31.4.243
  57. Yoon YH and HH Shin. 2014. Dinoflagellate Cysts. Chonnam Nat'l Univ. Press, Gwangju, 306pp.
  58. You YS, JH Lee, JC Park, DM Kim and HS Cho. 2012. Distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in riverine waters of Ulsan coast. Korean Soc. Mar. Environ. Safety 18:398-405. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2012.18.5.398
  59. Zonneveld KAF, M Marret, GJM Versteegh, K Bogus, S Bonnet, L Bouimetarhan, E Crouch, A de Vernal, R Elshanawany, L Edwards, O Esper, S Forke, K Grosfjeld, M Henry, U Holzwarthc, JF Kielt, SY Kim, S Ladouceur, D Ledu, L Chen, A Limoges, L Londeix, SH Lu, MS Mahmoud, G Marino, K Matsouka, J Matthiessen, DC Mildenhal, P Mudie, HL Neil, V Pospelova, Y Qi, T Radi, T Richerol, A Rochon, F Sangiorgi, S Solignac, JL Turon, T Verleye, Y Wang, Z Wang and M Young. 2013. Atlas of modern dinoflagellate cyst distribution based on 2405 datapoints. Rev. Palaeobot. and Palynol. 191:1-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.08.003