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Effects of Various Physical and Chemical Factors on the Death of Trouble Seaweed Ulva australis

구멍갈파래(Ulva australis) 해조류 사멸에 미치는 여러 물리화학적 요인들의 영향

  • Kim, Jin-Seog (Research Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Kwak, Hwa Sook (Research Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Kim, Bo Gwan (Research Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology)
  • 김진석 (한국화학연구원 친환경신물질연구센터) ;
  • 곽화숙 (한국화학연구원 친환경신물질연구센터) ;
  • 김보관 (한국화학연구원 친환경신물질연구센터)
  • Received : 2017.08.22
  • Accepted : 2017.09.25
  • Published : 2017.09.30

Abstract

Green tides, which was mainly caused by Ulva spp., have been increasing in severity and frequency globally, and have negatively affected on marine ecosystems. This study was conducted to investigate effects of various physical and chemical factors on the death of Ulva australis (ULAUS) and to consider a practical measures useful for alleviating Ulva bloom. Soaking of ULAUS thalli in pure water for 8 hr didn't induce a death, but incubation in 1.0-1.5% salinity for 7 d inhibited sporulation by about 70%. Desiccation gave rise to a serious damage when more than 40-50% of initial fresh weight was lost. ULAUS growth was sensitive to temperature and seriously inhibited from more than $30^{\circ}C$. At $35^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, treatment time required for 90-95% death of ULAUS thalli was 1 d, 10 min, 30 sec, and 1 sec, repectively. ULAUS growth was seriously inhibited at lower than pH 6.0 and completely dead at pH 4.0. Several compounds for ULAUS control was selected and the chemcals causing a rapid death were oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium percarbonate. Taken together, our results suggest that low salinities, dryness, pH, high temp. and compounds could be selected for Ulva bloom control, and high temperature and compounds seems to be useful for a development of practical control methods.

전세계적으로 해양녹조 대발생(green tide)은 해양생태계에 큰 위협이 되고 있으며 주로 갈파래과의 Ulva 속 식물이 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 구멍갈파래(Ulva australis, ULAUS) 사멸에 미치는 여러 물리화학적 요인들의 영향 정도를 조사하여 향후 갈파래 대발생 경감기술 확립을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 제반 실험을 수행하였다. 순수에 8시간 침지는 아무런 영향을 받지 않았으나 염도 1.0-1.5% 수준에서 7일간의 저염화 처리는 ULAUS 포자 유출을 약 70% 경감시키는 효과가 있었다. 건조처리에 의해 초기 생체중의 40-50% 이상이 감소되면 심각한 생육 장해가 일어났다. 온도처리의 경우, ULAUS는 $30^{\circ}C$ 이상부터 생육에 심각한 영향을 받았으며 $35^{\circ}C$처리에서는 배양개시 1일만에 95% 이상 고사되었고, $40^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$ 처리에서 엽절편이 90-95% 고사되는데 소요되는 처리시간은 각각 10분, 30초, 1초 이었다. pH 6 이하의 조건은 ULAUS 생육을 현저히 억제하였으며 pH 4에서는 신속히 사멸되었다. 한편 ULAUS 생육을 저해하는 10여종의 화학물질을 선발하였고 이들 중 구멍갈파래를 보다 신속히 사멸시킬 수 있는 화합물은 과산화수소를 비롯한 산화제들이었다. 이들의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 갈파래 대발생제어에 저염화, 건조, 온도 및 화합물 처리 등이 실용화 기술개발에 동원될 수 있을 것 같았고, 이중에서 온도와 화합물 요인을 적절히 활용할 경우 보다 유용한 갈파래 발생제어 효과를 거둘 수 있을 것으로 전망되었다.

Keywords

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