Membrane and Water Treatment

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Ranking and comparison of draw solutes in a forward osmosis process

  • Sudeeptha, G. (Department of Civil Engineering, NITK Surathkal) ;
  • Thalla, Arun Kumar (Department of Civil Engineering, NITK Surathkal)
  • Received : 2016.12.23
  • Accepted : 2017.03.25
  • Published : 2017.09.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology which can possibly make the desalination process more cost and energy efficient. One of the major factors impeding its growth is the lack of an appropriate draw solute. The present study deals with the identification of potential draw solutes, and rank them. The comparison was carried out among ten draw solutes on the basis of four main parameters namely; water flux, reverse salt diffusion, flux recovery and cost. Each draw solute was given three 24 hour runs; corresponding to three different concentrations; and their flux and reverse salt diffusion values were calculated. A fresh membrane was used every time except for the fourth time which was the flux recovery experiment conducted for the lowest concentration and the change of flux and reverse salt diffusion values from the initial run was noted. The organic solutes inspected were urea and tartaric acid which showed appreciable values in other parameters viz. reverse salt diffusion, flux recovery and cost although they generated a lower flux. They ranked 5th and 8th respectively. All the experimented draw solutes were ranked based on their values corresponding to each of the four main parameters chosen for comparison and Ammonium sulfate was found to be the best draw solute.

Keywords

References

  1. Achilli, A., Cath, T.Y. and Childress, A.E. (2010), "Selection of inorganic based draw solutions for forward osmosis applications", J. Membr. Sci., 364(1/2), 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.08.010
  2. Al-Zuhairi, A., Merdaw, A.A., Al-Aibi, S., Hamdan, M., Nicoll, P., Monjezi, A.A., Al-ASwad, S., Mahood, H.B., Aryafar, M. and Sharif, A.O. (2015), "Forward osmosis desalination from laboratory to market", Water Sci. Technol. Water Suppl., 15(4), 834-844. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.038
  3. Amy, G., Ghaffour, N., Li, Z., Francis, L., Linares, R.V., Missimer, T. and Lattemann, S. (2017), "Membrane-based seawater desalination: Present and future prospects", Desalination, 401, 16-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.10.002
  4. APHA standards (1999), Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation.
  5. Cath, T.Y., Childress, A.E. and Elimelech, M. (2006), "Forward osmosis: principles, applications and recent developments", J. Membr. Sci., 281(1/2), 70-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.05.048
  6. Chanukya, B.S., Patil, S. and Rastogi, N.K. (2013), "Influence of concentration polarization on flux behavior in forward osmosis during desalination using ammonium bicarbonate", Desalination, 312, 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.05.018
  7. Coday, B.D., Heil, D.M., Xu, P. and Cath, T.Y. (2013), "Effects of Transmembrane Hydraulic Pressure on Performance of Forward Osmosis Membranes", Environ. Sci. Technol. Am. Chem. Soc., 47(5), 2386-93. https://doi.org/10.1021/es304519p
  8. Gray, G.T., McCutcheon, J.R. and Elimelech, M. (2006), "Internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis: role of membrane orientation", Desalination, 197(1/3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.003
  9. Lay, W.C.L., Zhang, J., Tang, C., Wang, R., Liu, Y. and Fane, A.G. (2012), Factors affecting flux performance of forward osmosis systems", J. Membr. Sci., 394-395, 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.12.035
  10. McCutcheon, J.R. and Elimelech, M. (2006), "Influence of concentrative and dilutive internal concentration polarization on flux behavior in forward osmosis", J. Membr. Sci., 284(1/2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.07.049
  11. McCutcheon, J.R., McGinnis, R.L. and Elimelech, M. (2005), "A novel ammonia--carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process", Desalination, 174(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002
  12. Mi, B. and Elimelech, M. (2010), "Organic fouling of forward osmosis membranes: Fouling reversibility and cleaning without chemical reagents", J. Membr. Sci., 348(1/2), 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.11.021
  13. Nayak, C.A., Valluri, S.S. and Rastogi, N.K. (2011), "Effect of high or low molecular weight components of feed on trans membrane flux during forward osmosis", J. Food Eng., 106(1), 48-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.04.006
  14. Phuntsho, S., Shon, H.Y., Hong, S., Lee, S. and Vigneswaran, S. (2011), "A novel low energy fertilizer driven forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation: Evaluating the performance of fertilizer draw solutions", J. Membr. Sci., 375(1/2), 172-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.03.038
  15. Tang, C.Y., She, Q., Lay, W.C.L., Wong, R. and Fane, A.G. (2010), "Coupled effects of internal concentration polarization and fouling on flux behavior of forward osmosis membranes during humic acid filtration", J. Membr. Sci., 354(1/2), 123-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.02.059
  16. Zhao, S. and Zou, L. (2011), "Relating solution physicochemical properties to internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis", J. Membr. Sci., 379(1/2), 459-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.06.021