Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Classification of Local Climate Zone by Using WUDAPT Protocol - A Case Study of Seoul, Korea -

WUDAPT Protocol을 활용한 Local Climate Zone 분류 - 서울특별시를 사례로 -

  • Kim, Kwon (Dept. of Architecture, Graduate School, Keimyung University) ;
  • Eum, Jeong-Hee (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Keimyung University)
  • 김권 (계명대학교 대학원 건축학과) ;
  • 엄정희 (계명대학교 도시학부 생태조경학전공)
  • Received : 2017.08.08
  • Accepted : 2017.08.28
  • Published : 2017.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study aims to create a Local Climate Zone(LCZ) map of Seoul by using World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools(WUDAPT) protocol, and to analyze the characteristics of the Seoul LCZs. For this purpose, training samples of 17 LCZ types were collected by using Landsat images and Google Earth. LCZ Classification and Filtering were performed by SAGA GIS. An ArcGIS was used to analyze the characteristics of each LCZ type. The characteristics of the LCZ types were analyzed by focusing on building surface fraction ratio, impervious surface fraction ratio, pervious surface fraction ratio, building stories and air temperature. The results show that one filtering was found to be most appropriate. While Yangcheongu and Yeongdeungpogu with the higher annual and maximum mean air temperature than other areas have the higher rate of LCZ 3(compact low-rise) and LCZ 4(open high-rise), Jongnogu, Eunpyeonggu, Nowongu and Gwanakgu with the lower value have the higher rate of LCZ A(Dence trees). The values of building surface fraction ratio, impervious surface fraction ratio and building stories of each LCZ were included in the range of WUDAPT for most LCZs. However, the values of pervious surface fraction ratio were out of the range, in particular, in the LCZs 4~6 and 9~10. This study shows the usability and applicability of the WUDAPT methodology and its climate zone classification used in many countries as a basic data for the landscape planning and policy to improve the thermal environment in urban areas.

본 연구에서는 동일한 열환경 특성을 가진 공간 분류와 관련하여 전 세계적으로 활용되고 있는 World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools(WUDAPT) protocol의 Local Climate Zone(LCZ) 분류체계 및 분류 방법론을 바탕으로 사례지역인 서울특별시의 도시기후구역 유형을 분류하고, 유형별 특징을 분석하였다. 이를 위해, 구글 어스(Google Earth)를 활용하여 서울특별시를 포함하는 분석 지역을 대상으로 17개 LCZ 유형별 10개의 훈련지역(training area)을 선정한 후 SAGA GIS에서 LCZ 분류 및 분석결과에 대한 보정(Filtering)을 실시하였다. 그 후, ArcGIS를 이용하여 적절한 보정 횟수 분석 및 LCZ 유형별 특징을 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 보정 횟수는 1회가 가장 적절한 것으로 파악되었다. 또한, 연 평균기온 및 최고평균기온이 다른 구에 비해 높은 구 중 양천구와 영등포구는 저층 건물이 밀집해 있으며, 녹지가 적은 LCZ 3과 고층건물이 일정한 간격으로 있으며, 녹지가 풍부한 LCZ 4 유형의 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 연 평균기온 및 최고평균기온이 다른 구에 비해 낮은 구 중 종로구, 은평구, 노원구, 관악구는 녹지가 많고, 자연피복으로 이루어진 LCZ A의 비율이 가장 높았다. LCZ 유형별 평균 건폐율, 불투수포장율 및 건물높이는 WUDAPT에서 제시하는 LCZ 유형별 특징의 범위에 속해 있으나, 투수포장율은 LCZ 4~6 및 9~10에서 그 범위를 벗어났다. 본 연구는 국내 도시를 대상으로 한 기존의 도시기후구역 분류 연구에서 활용하지 않았던 WUDAPT protocol의 LCZ 분류 방법론을 활용함으로써 기후구역 분류에 관한 새로운 방법론을 제시하였으며, 기후변화 적응에 관한 공간계획 및 정책수립 과정에서 열환경 요소를 보다 적극적으로 고려하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, J. S., J. D. Hwang, M. H. Park, and Y. S. Suh(2012) Estimation of urban heat island potential based on land cover type in Busan using landsat-7 $ETM^+$ and AWS Data. Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies 15(4): 65-77. https://doi.org/10.11108/kagis.2012.15.4.065
  2. Bechtel, B., P. J. Alexander, J. Bohner, J. Ching, O. Conrad, J. Feddema, G. Mills, L. See and I. Stewart(2015) Mapping local climate zones for a worldwide database of the form and function of cities. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 4: 199-219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4010199
  3. Cha, Y. H., H. Y. Kim and T. Y. Heo(2009) The effects of urban land use and land cover characteristics on air temperature in Seoul metropolitan area. Seoul Urban Research 10(4): 107-120.
  4. Eum, J. H.(2016) Vulnerability assessment to urban thermal environment for spatial planning: A case study of Seoul, Korea. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 44(4): 109-120. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2016.44.4.109
  5. Eum, J. H and J. M. Son(2016) Management of the Nakdong-Jeongmaek based on the characteristics of cold air: Focused on Busan, Ulsan, Pohang, Korea. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 44(5): 103-115. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2016.44.5.103
  6. Han, B. H., H. S. Kim., T. J. Jung and S. H. Hong(2010) The related research with the land cover state and temperature in the outer space of the super-high-rise building. Korea Journal Environmental Eco 24(6): 751-762.
  7. Hang, J. and Y. Li(2010) Wind conditions in idealized building clusters: Macroscopic simulations using a porous turbulence model. Oundary-Layer Meteorology 136: 129-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-010-9490-3
  8. Hanna, S. R., O. R. Hansen, M. Ichard, and D. Strimaitis(2009) CFD model simulation of dispersion from chlorine railcar releases in industrial and urban areas. Atmospheric Environment 43: 262-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.081
  9. Jee, B. J., B. Y. Kim, I. S. Zo, K. T. Lee. and Y. J. Choi(2016) Retrieval of land surface temperature based on high resolution landsat 8 satellite data. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 32(2): 171-183. https://doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2016.32.2.9
  10. Kim, J. J. and J. J. Baik(2010) Effects of street-bottom and buildingroof heating of flow in treedimensional street canyon. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 27: 513-527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-009-9095-2
  11. Lee, H. J.(2015) Classifying Local Climate Zones based on Urban Spatial Characteristics: For the Case of Seoul. Master's Thesis, Hanyang University, Seoul. Korea.
  12. Lee, J. S., M. K. Kim and J. C. Park(2016) The effects of socioeconomic factors on mortality under high temperature in Seoul, South Korea. Journal of The Korean Association of Regional Geographers 22(1): 195-210.
  13. Lee, S. R., H. Kim and S. M. Yi(2010) The relationships between temperature changes and mortality in Seoul, Korea. Korean Society of Envlromental Health 36(1): 20-26.
  14. Park, S. J., S. H. Choi, J. E. Kang, D. J. Kim, D. S. Moon, W. S. Choi, J. J. Kim and Y. G. Lee(2016) Effects of differential heating by land-use types on flow and air temperature in an urban area. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 32(6): 603-616. https://doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2016.32.6.5
  15. Stewart, I. D. and T. R. Oke(2012) Local climate zones for urban temperature studies. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93(12): 1879-1900. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00019.1
  16. Yi, C. Y., J. H. Eum, Y. J. Choi and K. R. Kim(2011) Development of Climate Analysis Seoul(CAS) maps based on landuse and meteorogical model. Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies 14(1): 12-25. https://doi.org/10.11108/kagis.2011.14.1.012
  17. https://data.kma.go.kr/cmmn/main.do(기상자료개방포털)
  18. http://data.seoul.go.kr/(서울 열린데이터 광장)
  19. http://urban.seoul.go.kr/4DUPIS/index.do(서울도시계획포털)
  20. http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp3/index.jsp(서울통계)
  21. http://www.law.go.kr/main.html(국가법령정보센터)
  22. http://www.wudapt.org/(World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools)