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Effect of Fermented Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) Extracts against Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Liver Protection

아이스플랜트(Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) 발효추출물의 항산화, 항당뇨 및 간 보호효과

  • Received : 2017.07.12
  • Accepted : 2017.08.02
  • Published : 2017.08.30

Abstract

Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) was fermented in brine in the form of mulkimchi (IPMB), and its contents of organic acid and cyclitols and biological activities were compared with those before fermentation. The pH of the IPMB continuously decreased until the sixth day of fermentation. The lactic acid yield was greatest on the fourth day. D-pinitol in ice plant mulkimchi solids (IPMS) decreased during fermentation. However, myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol increased. The radical scavenging activities of ABTS and DPPH, in addition to the activity of FRAP, of the IPMS extract were generally higher after fermentation, with the activities highest on the fifth ($79.09{\pm}0.69%$), fourth ($87.55{\pm}1.21%$), and sixth ($78.72{\pm}0.99%$) days of fermentation, respectively, when treated with 1 mg/ml of the extract. As shown by a lipid/MA assay, antioxidant activity was generally higher after fermentation. The viability of BNL CL.2 cells damaged by t-BHP, $H_2O_2$, and ethanol was $14.19{\pm}0.98$, $13.80{\pm}2.25$, and $25.89{\pm}2.90%$, respectively. When treated with $200{\mu}g/ml$ of IPMS extract, the cell viability was $57.06{\pm}4.52%$ on the first day, and $66.06{\pm}1.36%$ on the fourth day, and $50.07{\pm}04.85%$ on the sixth day of fermentation. Hepatocyte protective effects did not increase significantly after fermentation. ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity was quite high, with a range of $83.52{\pm}2.69$ to $92.79{\pm}2.16%$, and the activity increased gradually in all the groups over the fermentation period. There was no clear correlation between ${\alpha}-amylase$ inhibitory activity and fermentation.

본 연구는 아이스플랜트의 생리활성을 향상시키고, 식생활에서의 활용가능성을 높이기 위하여 물김치 형태로 발효시켰으며, 아이스플랜트의 성분 및 몇 가지 생리활성을 발효 전과 비교하였다. 물김치 침지액의 pH는 발효 6일째까지 계속해서 낮아졌으며, lactic acid의 생성량은 발효 4일째에 가장 많았다. 아이스플랜트 물김치 건더기 중의 D-pinitol은 발효 전 $4.196{\pm}0.096mg/g$에서 6일째에는 $3.843{\pm}0.116mg/g$으로 감소하였다. 그러나 myo-inositol과 D-chiro-inositol은 각각 발효 전 $0.453{\pm}0.022$$2.815{\pm}0.008mg/g$에서 6일째에 $0.630{\pm}0.029$$4.117{\pm}0.096mg/g$으로 증가하였다. 아이스플랜트 추출물의 DPPH, ABTS radical 소거활성 및 FRAP 활성은 대체로 발효 후에 높게 나타나 유사한 경향이었으며, 1 mg/ml의 농도로 처리하였을 때 각각 발효 5일째($79.09{\pm}0.69%$), 4일째($87.55{\pm}1.21%$) 및 6일째($78.72{\pm}0.99%$)에 가장 높았다. Lipid/MA assay에 의한 항산화 활성도 대체로 발효 후에 높게 나타나 유사한 경향이었으며, 추출물을 $500{\mu}g/ml$ 처리하였을 때, 발효 4일째에 가장 높은 활성($64.65{\pm}1.63%$)을 나타났으며, 발효 5, 6일째에는 낮아지는 경향이었다. 아이스플랜트 추출물의 t-BHP, $H_2O_2$ 및 ethanol에 의하여 손상된 BNL CL.2 세포의 생존율은 각각 $14.19{\pm}0.98$, $13.80{\pm}2.25$$25.89{\pm}2.90%$이었으나, 추출물을 $200{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 처리하였을 경우, 각각 발효 6일째에 $50.07{\pm}4.85%$, 2일째에 57.06% 및 4일째에 $66.06{\pm}1.36%$의 세포생존율을 나타내어 간세포가 회복되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 발효 후에 간세포 보호효과가 뚜렷이 증가하지는 않았다. ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ 저해활성은 모든 실험군에서 $83.52{\pm}2.69{\sim}92.79{\pm}2.16%$로 상당히 높게 나타났으며, 발효기간이 경과함에 따라 조금씩 증가하였다. 한편 ${\alpha}-Amylase$ 저해활성은 전체적으로 $52.64{\pm}3.26{\sim}57.56{\pm}1.21%$로 나타났으며 발효 전후에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때, 아이스플랜트의 물김치 발효기간은 4~5일이 적정할 것으로 생각되었다. 한편 발효에 의한 기능성은 항산화효과를 제외한 간세포보호 및 ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$, ${\alpha}-Amylase$ 저해활성은 전체적으로 소폭 향상에 그쳤다. 따라서 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 발효 등 다양한 가공방법이 개발되어, 향후 아이스플랜트의 소비촉진의 계기가 되기를 기대한다.

Keywords

References

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