Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

The Korean Pediatric Society (대한소아청소년과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Maternal food restrictions during breastfeeding

  • Jeong, Goun (Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Sung Won (Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Yeon Kyung (Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine) ;
  • Ko, Sun Young (Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Son Moon (Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2016.09.08
  • Accepted : 2016.12.08
  • Published : 2017.03.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated self-food restriction during breastfeeding, reviewed the literature showing the effect of maternal diet on the health of breast-fed infants, and explored the validity of dietary restrictions. Methods: Questionnaire data were collected from breastfeeding Korean mothers who visited the pediatric clinic of Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center from July 2015 through August 2015. The survey included items assessing maternal age, number of children, maternal educational attainment, household income, degree of difficulty with self-food restriction, types of self-restricted foods, dietary customs during breastfeeding, and sources of information about breastfeeding. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 145 mothers. More than a third (n=56, 39%) had discomfort from and usually avoided 4-5 types of food (mean, 4.92). Mothers younger than 40 years had more discomfort (odds ratio [OR], 12.762; P=0.017). Primiparas felt less discomfort than multiparas (OR, 0.436; P=0.036). Dietary practices were not influenced by maternal educational attainment or household income. The most common self-restricted foods were caffeine (n=131, 90.3%), spicy foods (n=124, 85.5%), raw foods (n=109, 75.2%), cold foods (n=100, 69%), and sikhye (traditional sweet Korean rice beverage) (n=100, 69%). Most mothers (n=122, 84.1%) avoided foods for vague reasons. Conclusion: Most mothers restricted certain foods unnecessarily. Literature review identified no foods that mothers should absolutely avoid during breastfeeding unless the infant reacts negatively to the food.

Keywords

References

  1. Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW III, Schor NF, Behrman RE, editors. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2011.
  2. Kim JY, Hwang SJ, Park HK, Lee HB, Kim NS. Analysis of online breast-feeding consultation on the website of the Korean Pediatric Society. Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:1152-7 https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2008.51.11.1152
  3. Kim HS, Seo JW, Kim YJ, Lee KH, Kim JY, Ko JS, et al. A follow-up survey of mothers' antenatal breast-feeding plans. J Korean Pediatr Soc 2003;46:635-41
  4. Lee SJ, Seo JW, Park JO, Shin JH, Lee HR, Chung JT, et al. A survey on the factors related to the failure of breast-feeding The Nutritional Committee of The Korean Pediatric Association. J Korean Pediatr Soc 1997;40:1336-46.
  5. Osman H, El Zein L, Wick L. Cultural beliefs that may discourage breastfeeding among Lebanese women: a qualitative analysis. Int Breastfeed J 2009;4:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4358-4-12
  6. Gabriel A, Gabriel KR, Lawrence RA. Cultural values and biomedical knowledge: choices in infant feeding. Analysis of a survey Soc Sci Med 1986;23:501-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(86)90010-9
  7. Bronner Y. Cross-cultural issues during pregnancy and lactation: implications for assessment and counseling. In: Story M, Stang J, editors. Nutrition and the pregnant adolescent: a practical reference guide. Minnesota (MN): Center for Leadership, Education, and Training in Maternal and Child Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 2000:173-80.
  8. Kim-Godwin YS. Postpartum beliefs and practices among non-Western cultures. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2003;28:74-8 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005721-200303000-00006
  9. Na M, Mehra S, Christian P, Ali H, Shaikh S, Shamim AA, et al. Maternal dietary diversity decreases with household food insecurity in rural bangladesh: a longitudinal analysis. J Nutr 2016; 146:2109-116. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.234229
  10. Lawrence RA, Lawrence RM. Breastfeeding: a guide for the medical profession. Philadelphia (PA): Mosby/Elsevier, 2011.
  11. Korea Food and Drug Administration. Practice guide of nutritional eating habits for lactating women [Internet]. Cheongju: Korea Food and Drug Administration; 2012 [cited 2015 Aug 23]. Available from: http://www.mfds.go.kr/index.do?mid=700&seq=13394 &cmd=v.
  12. Mohrbacher N, Stock J, La Leche League International. The breastfeeding answer book. 3rd rev. ed. Schaumburg (IL): La Leche League International, 2003.
  13. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; American Academy of Pediatrics, editors. Breastfeeding handbook for physicians. Elk Grove Village: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006.
  14. Berlin CM Jr, Denson HM, Daniel CH, Ward RM. Disposition of dietary caffeine in milk, saliva, and plasma of lactating women. Pediatrics 1984;73:59-63.
  15. Berlin CM, Daniel CH. Excretion of theobromine in human milk and saliva. Pediatr Res 1981;15:492.
  16. Mennella JA, Beauchamp GK. Maternal diet alters the sensory qualities of human milk and the nursling's behavior. Pediatrics 1991;88:737-44.
  17. Lawrence RM, Lawrence RA. Given the benefits of breastfeeding, what contraindications exist? Pediatr Clin North Am 2001;48:235-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70297-2
  18. Innis SM. Human milk: maternal dietary lipids and infant development. Proc Nutr Soc 2007;66:397-404. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665107005666
  19. Friesen R, Innis SM. Trans fatty acids in human milk in Canada declined with the introduction of trans fat food labeling. J Nutr 2006;136:2558-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.10.2558
  20. Nishida C, Uauy R, Kumanyika S, Shetty P. The joint WHO/FAO expert consultation on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: process, product and policy implications. Public Health Nutr 2004;7(1A):245-50. https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2003592
  21. Vandenplas Y, Koletzko S, Isolauri E, Hill D, Oranje AP, Brueton M, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cow's milk protein allergy in infants. Arch Dis Child 2007;92:902-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.110999
  22. Koletzko S, Niggemann B, Arato A, Dias JA, Heuschkel R, Husby S, et al. Diagnostic approach and management of cow's-milk protein allergy in infants and children: ESPGHAN GI Committee practical guidelines. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012;55:221-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e31825c9482
  23. Kramer MS, Kakuma R. Maternal dietary antigen avoidance during pregnancy or lactation, or both, for preventing or treating atopic disease in the child. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;(9): CD000133.
  24. Section on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 2012;129:e827-41. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3552
  25. Dusdieker LB, Booth BM, Stumbo PJ, Eichenberger JM. Effect of supplemental fluids on human milk production. J Pediatr 985;106: 207-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80288-2
  26. Wood NK, Woods NF, Blackburn ST, Sanders EA. Interventions that enhance breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity: a systematic review. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2016;41:299-307. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000264

Cited by

  1. Maternal Understanding Regarding Women Nutrition during Breastfeeding vol.10, pp.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2018.1012125
  2. Re: “Potentially Toxic Foods While Breastfeeding: Garlic, Caffeine, Mushrooms, and More” by Anderson ( Breastfeed Med 2018;13(10):642-644) vol.14, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2019.0051
  3. Dietary Patterns and Determinants of Pregnant and Lactating Women From Marginalized Communities in India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study vol.7, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.595170
  4. Foods to Avoid While Breastfeeding? Experiences and Opinions of Polish Mothers and Healthcare Providers vol.12, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061644
  5. Dietary Choices of New Zealand Women during Pregnancy and Lactation vol.12, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092692
  6. Changes in diet from pregnancy to one year after birth: a longitudinal study vol.21, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04038-3
  7. The link between knowledge of the maternal diet and breastfeeding practices in mothers and health workers in Poland vol.16, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-021-00406-z