기술혁신학회지 (Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society)

  • 제20권2호
  • /
  • Pages.487-517
  • /
  • 2017
  • /
  • 1598-2912(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2713-8666(eISSN)
한국기술혁신학회 (Korea Technology Innovation Society)
권호 표지

지역 대학의 역할과 지식 네트워크 특징에 대한 연구 : 3개 지역 비교를 중심으로

The Role of Universities and the Characteristics of Knowledge Networks in Three Regions

  • 투고 : 2017.02.01
  • 심사 : 2017.05.30
  • 발행 : 2017.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구는 대학이 점차 다른 혁신 주체들과 협력 필요성이 증가되는 상황에서 대학이 중심이 되는 SCIE 논문 지식 네트워크를 지역별로 비교하는 것이다. 지역비교를 통해서 지식네트워크의 특징과 지역적 경계의 중요성, 그리고 지역 산업정책의 지식네트워크에 대한 영향 등을 살펴본 결과 거점대학과 연구 중심대학이 지역 지식 네트워크의 중심성이 높았으며, 지역적 특성이 네트워크의 구조 등에 반영된 것으로 나타났다. 경기도는 다른 지역보다 산업체와의 네트워크가, 대전은 대학과 출연연구소, 강원도 지역은 대학간 네트워크가 두드러졌다. SCIE급 이상의 저널 정보를 활용한 지식 네트워크 구조로서 지역적 경계는 다소 두드러지지 않은 것으로 나타났으나 지역 경계 내에서 지역 산업정책의 영향은 학 학 네트워크의 특성을 가진 강원도에서 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 지식 네트워크를 통한 지역혁신을 이루기 위해서는 대학의 지식이 좀 더 기업에 연계될 수 있도록 정부가 보다 적극적으로 관련 정책을 추진해야한다는 점을 시사한다. 더불어 지역산업 선정과 관련해서 일반화된 산업정책 보다는 지역 특성에 부합하는 정책이 지속적으로 강조될 필요가 있다는 점을 함의한다. 이와 함께 혁신 차원에서 보면 대부분의 지역에서 근본적으로 지역산업이 성장할 수 있는 산업 기반 구축이 중요하며 혁신 주체간의 연계를 강화하는 노력들이 필요한 것으로 나타난다.

In the context of an increased demand in universities' expansion of networks between other innovation actors, this research attempts to make a comparison on university-centered SCIE knowledge networks between regions. Using regional comparison, we have looked into these networks in regards to their characteristics, the importance of regional boundaries, and the effect of the regional industrial policy. As a result of this comparative analysis, we discovered that the point universities and research universities hold high centrality in regional knowledge networks, and that the characteristics of regions are reflected into this network. For instance, the Gyeonggi province had a preeminent level of industry-academy relationship, while for Daejeon it was public research institutions and academy, and Gangwon province it was between academy between academy. As a network analysis based on journals above SCIE levels, regional boundaries were not very clear in the network structures. However, within these boundaries, the impact of regional industrial policies were proven to be stronger in the Gang-won province where the academy-academy network was most prominent. The implication of this research outcome is that for regional innovation, government should more actively implement policies that can link academic institutes' knowledge to industry by expanding knowledge networks. In addition, we emphasize on the necessity of a regionally-appropriate policy, rather than a generalized industrial policy. And fundamentally, in regards to innovation, establishing a sound industrial infrastructure for regional development and efforts to link relevant actors are required.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 강현수 (2006), "지역혁신체제 구축에 있어서 국책 연구기관의 역할에 관한 연구", 한국지역지리학회지, 12(1): 108-123.
  2. 김경미.이동민.이만형 (2011), "충청권 바이오.의료산업 공동연구 네트워크의 구조적, 지위적, 공간적 특성", 한국지역개발학회지, 23(3): 89-106.
  3. 김석중 (2015), 강원도 산업의 진단과 과제, 강원발전연구원.
  4. 김용학.윤정로.조혜선.김영진 (2007), "과학기술 공동연구의 연결망 구조: 좁은 세상과 위치 효과", 한국사회학, 41(4): 68-103.
  5. 송미경.이만형.조병설.홍성호 (2013), "충북에 소재한 대학이 수행한 공동연구 프로젝트의 네트워크 분석 및 클러스터 정책에 관한 시사점", 지역연구, 29(2): 105-124.
  6. 송영일.강명구.정창무 (2008), "시도 간 공동연구 네트워크에 의한 연구개발 누출효과 분석 - 공간계량 분석기법을 적용한 패널모형을 중심으로", 국토계획, 43(1): 197-206.
  7. 이성근.박상철.이관률 (2006), "지역전략산업의 육성과 지역혁신체제의 구축", 한국행정논집, 18(1): 205-231.
  8. 이정협.김형주.손동원 (2005), "한국형 지역혁신체제의 모델과 전략 I : 지역혁신의 공간적틀", 과학기술정책연구원 정책보고서.
  9. 정우성.양현채 (2013), "과학계량학 연구동향 및 과학기술 정책 분야 응용가능성", KISTEP Issue Paper 2013-06, 한국과학기술기획평가원.
  10. 한밭대학교 산학협력단 (2015), 대전지역 전략산업 육성 및 고용연계 활성화 연구.
  11. 홍성호.박주혜.이만형 (2009), "충북 IT산업 지식 네트워크의 구조적.공간적 특성과 함의: 대학의 공동연구개발 프로젝트를 중심으로", 한국도시지리학회지, 12(3): 139-149.
  12. Asheim, B. and Coenen, L. (2005), "Knowledge Bases and Regional Innovation Systems: Comparing Nordic Clusters", Research Policy, 34(8): 1173-1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.03.013
  13. Audretsch, D. B., Lehman, E. E. and Warnings, S. (2005), "University Spillovers and New firm location", Research Policy, 34(7): 1113-1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.05.009
  14. Bode, E. (2004), "The Spatial Pattern of Localized R&D Spillovers: An Empirical Investigation for Germany", Journal of Economic Geography, 4(1): 43-64. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/4.1.43
  15. Borgatti, S. P. (2003), "Dynamic Social Network Modeling and Analysis", Workshop Summary and Papers, 241.
  16. Buchmann, T. (2015), The Evolution of Innovation Networks. DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-10383-5_2, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.
  17. Capello, R., Caragliu, A. and Nijkamp, P. (2011), "Territorial Capital and Regional Growth: Increasing Returns in Knowledge Use", Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 102(4): 385-405. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2010.00613.x
  18. Cooke, P. (1992), "Regional Innovation Systems: Competitive Regulation in the New Europe", Geoforum, 23(3): 365-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7185(92)90048-9
  19. Cooke, P. (2002), "Biotechnology Clusters as Regional, Sectoral Innovation Systems", International Regional Science Review, 25(1): 8-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/016001760202500102
  20. Drucker, J. and Goldstein, H. (2007), "Assessing the Regional Economic Development Impacts of Universities: A Review of Current Approaches", International Regional Science Review, 30(1): 20-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160017606296731
  21. Dunning, J. H. (2002), Regions, Globalization, and the Knowledge-Based Economy, Oxford university press.
  22. Eck , N. J. and Waltman, L. (2010), "Software Survey: VOSviewer, A Computer Program for Bibliometric Mapping", Scientometrics, 84(2): 523-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
  23. Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. (1995), "The Triple Helix -- University-Industry- Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge-Based Economic Development", EASST Review, 14(1): 14-19.
  24. Etzkowitz, H. (2007), "University-Industry-Government: The Triple Helix Model of Innovation. Business School, New Castle University", http://www.eoq.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Documents/Congress_proceedings/Prague_2007/Proceedings/007_EOQ_FP_-_Etzkowitz_Henry_-_A1.pdf (29 July 2012).
  25. Feldman, M. P. and Desrochers, P. (2003), "Research Universities and Local Economic Development: Lessons from the History of the Johns Hopkins University", Industry and Innovation, 10(1): 5-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/1366271032000068078
  26. Freeman, C. (1987), Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan, Pinter Publishers London and New York.
  27. Fritsch, M. and Varga, A. (2003), "Spatial Knowledge Spillovers and University Research: Evidence from Austria", Annals of Regional Science, 37(2): 303-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001680200115
  28. Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., and Trow, M.(1994), The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies, Sage.
  29. Griliches, Z. (1992), "The Search for R&D Spillovers", Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 94: 29-47. https://doi.org/10.2307/3440244
  30. Huggins, R., Johnston, A. and Steffenson, R. (2008), "Universities, Knowledge Networks and Regional Policy. Cambridge Journal of Regions", Economy and Society, 1(2): 321-340.
  31. Jaffe, A. B. (1989), "Real Effects of Academic Research", The American Economic Review, 79(5): 957-970.
  32. Krartke, S. (2010), "Regional Knowledge Networks: A N etwork Analy sis Approach to the Interlinking of Knowledge Resources", European Urban and Regional Studies, 17(1): 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776409350794
  33. Mansfield, E. (1995), "Academic Research Underlying Industrial Innovations: Sources, Characteristics, and Financing", The Review of Economics and Statistics, 77(1): 55-65. https://doi.org/10.2307/2109992
  34. OECD. (1996), The knowledge-based economy, GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OCDE/GD(96)102.
  35. Perkmann, M. and Walsh, K. (2007), "University-Industry Relationships and Open Innovation: Towards a Research Agenda", International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(4), 259-280. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00225.x
  36. Pitts, F. R. (1965), "A Graph Theoretic Approach to Historical Geography", The professional Geographer, 17(5): 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1965.015_m.x
  37. Purvis, A. and Hector, A. (2000), "Getting the Measure of Biodiversity", Nature, 405(6783): 212-219. https://doi.org/10.1038/35012221
  38. Salter, A. J. and Martin, B. R. (2001), "The Economic Benefits of Publicly Funded Basic Research: a Critical Review", Research Policy, 30(3): 509-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00091-3
  39. Sohn, D. W. and Kenney, M. (2007), "Universities, Clusters and Innovation Systems: the Case of Seoul, Korea", World Development, 35(6): 991-1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.05.008
  40. Stephen, P. B. (2009), Social Network Analysis, Two-Mode Concepts in Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science. 8279-8291.
  41. Borgatti, S. P. (2009), 2-Mode Concepts in Social Network Analysis, Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science, 6.
  42. To dtling, F., Lehrner, P. and Trippl, M. (2006), "Innovation in Knowledge Intensive Industries: The Nature and Geography of Knowledge Links", European Planning Studies, 14(8): 1035-1058. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310600852365
  43. Trippl, M., Sinozic, T. and Smith, H. L. (2015), "The Role of Universities in Regional Development: Conceptual Models and Policy Institutions in the UK, Sweden and Austria", European Planning Studies, 23(9): 1722-1740. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2015.1052782
  44. Vonortas, N. S. and Malerba, F. (2005), "Using Social Networks Methodology to Evaluate Research and Development Programs", The Joint Conference of the Canadian Evaluation Society and t he American Evaluation Association, held 24-30 October 2005, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  45. Wasserman, S. and Faust, K. (1994), Social network analysis :Method and Applications, Cambridge University Press.
  46. Yang, C. H. and Heo, J. (2014), "Network Analysis to Evaluate Cross-Displinary Research Collaborations: The Human Sensing Research Center, Korea", Science and Public Policy, 41(6): 734-749. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scu007
  47. Zucker, L. G., Darby, M. and Armstrong, J. (1998), "Geographically localized knowledge: Spillovers or markets?", Economic Inquiry, 36(1): 65-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1998.tb01696.x