DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A new shear deformation plate theory with stretching effect for buckling analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates

  • Mahmoud, S.R. (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University) ;
  • Tounsi, Abdelouahed (Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department)
  • Received : 2016.08.21
  • Accepted : 2017.05.16
  • Published : 2017.08.10

Abstract

In this research work, a simple and accurate hyperbolic plate theory for the buckling analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates is presented. The main interest of this theory is that, in addition to incorporating the thickness stretching effect (${\varepsilon}_z{\not=}0$), the displacement field is composed only of 5 unknowns as the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT), instead of 6 like in the well-known "higher order shear and normal deformation theories". Thus, the number of unknowns and governing equations for the present theory is reduced, significantly facilitating engineering analysis. Governing equations are obtained by employing the principle of minimum total potential energy. Comparison studies are performed to verify the validity of present results. A numerical investigation has been conducted considering and neglecting the thickness stretching effects on the buckling of sandwich plates with functionally graded skins. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also simple in predicting the buckling response of sandwich plates with functionally graded skins.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : King Abdulaziz University

References

  1. Abdelhak, Z., Hadji, L., Hassaine Daouadji, T. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2016), "Thermal buckling response of functionally graded sandwich plates with clamped boundary conditions", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 18(2), 267-291. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2016.18.2.267
  2. Ait Yahia, S., Atmane, H.A., Houari, M.S.A. and Tounsi, A. (2015), "Wave propagation in functionally graded plates with porosities using various higher-order shear deformation plate theories", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 53(6), 1143-1165. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.53.6.1143
  3. Akavci, S.S. (2015), "An efficient shear deformation theory for free vibration of functionally graded thick rectangular plates on elastic foundation", Compos. Struct., 108, 667-676.
  4. Al-Basyouni, K.S., Tounsi, A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2015), "Size dependent bending and vibration analysis of functionally graded micro beams based on modified couple stress theory and neutral surface position", Compos. Struct., 125, 621-630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.12.070
  5. Arefi, M. (2015a), "Elastic solution of a curved beam made of functionally graded materials with different cross sections", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 18(3), 659-672. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.3.659
  6. Arefi, M. (2015b), "Nonlinear electromechanical analysis of a functionally graded square plate integrated with smart layers resting on Winkler-Pasternak foundation", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 16(1), 195-211. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2015.16.1.195
  7. Arefi, M. and Allam, M.N.M. (2015), "Nonlinear responses of an arbitrary FGP circular plate resting on the Winkler-Pasternak foundation", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 16(1), 81-100. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2015.16.1.081
  8. Atmane, H.A., Tounsi, A., Mechab, I. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2010), "Free vibration analysis of functionally graded plates resting on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundations using a new shear deformation theory", Int. J. Mech. Mater. Des., 6(2), 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10999-010-9110-x
  9. Atmane, H.A., Tounsi, A., Bernard, F. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2015), "A computational shear displacement model for vibrational analysis of functionally graded beams with porosities", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 19(2), 369-384. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.19.2.369
  10. Atmane, H.A., Tounsi, A and, Bernard, F. (2017), "Effect of thickness stretching and porosity on mechanical response of a functionally graded beams resting on elastic foundations", Int. J. Mech. Mater. Des., 13(1), 71-84 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10999-015-9318-x
  11. Attia, A., Tounsi, A., Adda Bedia, E.A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2015), "Free vibration analysis of functionally graded plates with temperature-dependent properties using various four variable refined plate theories", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 18(1), 187-212. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.1.187
  12. Belabed, Z., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A., Mahmoud, S.R. and Beg, O.A. (2014), "An efficient and simple higher order shear and normal deformation theory for functionally graded material (FGM) plates", Compos.: Part B, 60, 274-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.057
  13. Beldjelili, Y., Tounsi, A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2016), "Hygrothermo-mechanical bending of S-FGM plates resting on variable elastic foundations using a four-variable trigonometric plate theory", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 18(4), 755-786. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2016.18.4.755
  14. Belkorissat, I., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A., Adda Bedia, E.A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2015), "On vibration properties of functionally graded nano-plate using a new nonlocal refined four variable model", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 18(4), 1063-1081. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.4.1063
  15. Bellifa, H., Benrahou, K.H., Hadji, L., Houari, M.S.A. and Tounsi, A. (2016), "Bending and free vibration analysis of functionally graded plates using a simple shear deformation theory and the concept the neutral surface position", J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., 38(1), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-015-0354-0
  16. Benachour, A., Tahar, H.D., Atmane, H.A., Tounsi, A. and Ahmed, M.S. (2011), "A four variable refined plate theory for free vibrations of functionally graded plates with arbitrary gradient", Compos. Part B Eng, 42(6), 1386-1394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.05.032
  17. Benahmed, A., Houari, M.S.A., Benyoucef, S., Belakhdar, K., Tounsi, A. (2017), "A novel quasi-3D hyperbolic shear deformation theory for functionally graded thick rectangular plates on elastic foundation", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 12(1), 9-34. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.1.009
  18. Benferhat, R., Hassaine Daouadji, T., Hadji, L. and Said, M. (2016), "Static analysis of the FGM plate with porosities", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 21(1), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.21.1.123
  19. Bennoun, M., Houari, M.S.A. and Tounsi, A. (2016), "A novel five-variable refined plate theory for vibration analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates", Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct., 23(4), 423-431. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2014.984088
  20. Bessaim, A., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A., Mahmoud, S.R. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2013), "A new higher-order shear and normal deformation theory for the static and free vibration analysis of sandwich plates with functionally graded isotropic face sheets", J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., 15, 671-703. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636213498888
  21. Bouafia, K., Kaci, A., Houari, M.S.A., Benzair, A. and Tounsi, A. (2017), "A nonlocal quasi-3D theory for bending and free flexural vibration behaviors of functionally graded nanobeams", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 19(2), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2017.19.2.115
  22. Bouderba, B., Houari, M.S.A. and Tounsi, A. (2013), "Thermomechanical bending response of FGM thick plates resting on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundations", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 14(1), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2013.14.1.085
  23. Bouderba, B., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2016), "Thermal stability of functionally graded sandwich plates using a simple shear deformation theory", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 58(3), 397-422. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.58.3.397
  24. Boukhari, A., Atmane, H.A., Tounsi, A., Adda Bedia, E.A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2016), "An efficient shear deformation theory for wave propagation of functionally graded material plates", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 57(5), 837-859. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.57.5.837
  25. Bounouara, F., Benrahou, K.H., Belkorissat, I. and Tounsi, A. (2016), "A nonlocal zeroth-order shear deformation theory for free vibration of functionally graded nanoscale plates resting on elastic foundation", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 20(2), 227-249. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.2.227
  26. Bourada, M., Kaci, A., Houari, M.S.A. and Tounsi, A. (2015), "A new simple shear and normal deformations theory for functionally graded beams", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 18(2), 409-423. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.2.409
  27. Bourada, F., Amara, K. and Tounsi, A. (2016), "Buckling analysis of isotropic and orthotropic plates using a novel four variable refined plate theory", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 21(6), 1287-1306. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.21.6.1287
  28. Bousahla, A.A., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2014), "A novel higher order shear and normal deformation theory based on neutral surface position for bending analysis of advanced composite plates", Int. J. Comput. Meth., 11(6), 1350082. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219876213500825
  29. Bousahla, A.A., Benyoucef, S., Tounsi, A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2016), "On thermal stability of plates with functionally graded coefficient of thermal expansion", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 60(2), 313-335. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.60.2.313
  30. Carrera, E., Brischetto, S., Cinefra, M. and Soave, M. (2011), "Effects of thickness stretching in functionally graded plates and shells", Compos. Part B Eng, 42(2), 123-133.
  31. Chikh, A., Bakora, A., Heireche, H., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2016), "Thermo-mechanical postbuckling of symmetric S-FGM plates resting on Pasternak elastic foundations using hyperbolic shear deformation theory", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 57(4), 617-639. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.57.4.617
  32. Chikh, A., Tounsi, A., Hebali, H. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2017), "Thermal buckling analysis of cross-ply laminated plates using a simplified HSDT", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 19(3), 289-297. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2017.19.3.289
  33. Draiche, K., Tounsi, A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2016), "A refined theory with stretching effect for the flexure analysis of laminated composite plates", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 11(5), 671-690. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.11.5.671
  34. Ebrahimi, F. and Shafiei, N. (2016), "Application of Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory for vibration analysis of rotating functionally graded nanobeams", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 17(5), 837-857. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2016.17.5.837
  35. Eltaher, M.A., Khater, M.E., Park, S., Abdel-Rahman, E. and Yavuz, M. (2016), "On the static stability of nonlocal nanobeams using higher-order beam theories", Adv. Nano Res., Int. J., 4(1), 51-64.
  36. El-Hassar, S.M., Benyoucef, S., Heireche, H. and Tounsi, A. (2016), "Thermal stability analysis of solar functionally graded plates on elastic foundation using an efficient hyperbolic shear deformation theory", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 10(3), 357-386. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.10.3.357
  37. Fahsi, A., Tounsi, A., Hebali, H., Chikh, A., Adda Bedia, E.A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2017), "A four variable refined nth-order shear deformation theory for mechanical and thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded plates", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 13(3). [In Press]
  38. Fekrar, A., El Meiche, N., Bessaim, A., Tounsi, A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2012), "Buckling analysis of functionally graded hybrid composite plates using a new four variable refined plate theory", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 13(1), 91-107. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2012.13.1.091
  39. Fekrar, A., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2014), "A new five-unknown refined theory based on neutral surface position for bending analysis of exponential graded plates", Meccanica, 4(49), 795-810.
  40. Hadji, L., Hassaine Daouadji, T. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2015), "A refined exponential shear deformation theory for free vibration of FGM beam with porosities", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 9(3), 361-372. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.9.3.361
  41. Hadji, L., Khelifa, Z. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2016c), "A new higher order shear deformation model for functionally graded beams", KSCE J. Civil Eng., 20(5), 1835-1841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0252-0
  42. Hadji, L., Hassaine Daouadji, T. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2016a), "Dynamic behavior of FGM beam using a new first shear deformation theory", Earthq. Struct., Int. J., 10(2), 451-461. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.2.451
  43. Hadji, L., Hassaine Daouadji, T., Meziane, M.A.A., Tlidji, Y. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2016b), "Analysis of functionally graded beam using a new first-order shear deformation theory", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 57(2), 315-325. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.57.2.315
  44. Hadji, L., Meziane, M.A.A., Abdelhak, Z., Hassaine Daouadji, T. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2016d), "Static and dynamic behavior of FGM plate using a new first shear deformation plate theory", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 57(1), 127-140. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.57.1.127
  45. Hadji, L., Zouatnia, N. and Kassoul, A. (2016e), "Bending analysis of FGM plates using a sinusoidal shear deformation theory", Wind Struct., Int. J., 23(6), 543-558. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2016.23.6.543
  46. Hamidi, A., Houari, M.S.A., Mahmoud, S.R. and Tounsi, A. (2015), "A sinusoidal plate theory with 5-unknowns and stretching effect for thermomechanical bending of functionally graded sandwich plates", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 18(1), 235-253. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.1.235
  47. Hassaine Daouadji, T. and Hadji, L. (2015), "Analytical solution of nonlinear cylindrical bending for functionally graded plates", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 9(5), 631-644. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.9.5.631
  48. Hebali, H., Tounsi, A., Houari, M.S.A., Bessaim, A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2014), "New quasi-3D hyperbolic shear deformation theory for the static and free vibration analysis of functionally graded plates", ASCE J. Eng. Mech., 140(2), 374-383. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000665
  49. Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A., Bessaim, A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2016), "A new simple three-unknown sinusoidal shear deformation theory for functionally graded plates", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 22(2), 257-276. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.22.2.257
  50. Jha, D.K., Kant, T. and Singh, R.K. (2013), "A critical review of recent research on functionally graded plates", Compos. Struct., 96, 833-849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.09.001
  51. Kar, V.R. and Panda, S.K. (2015), "Nonlinear flexural vibration of shear deformable functionally graded spherical shell panel", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 18(3), 693-709. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.3.693
  52. Khelifa, Z., Hassaine Daouadji, T., Hadji, L., Tounsi, A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2015), "A new higher order shear deformation model of functionally graded beams based on neutral surface position", Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 69(3), 683-691.
  53. Koizumi, M. (1993), "The concept of FGM", Ceram. Trans. Funct. Grad. Mater., 34, 3-10.
  54. Laoufi, I., Ameur, A., Zidi, M., Adda Bedia, E.A. and Bousahla, A.A. (2016), "Mechanical and hygrothermal behaviour of functionally graded plates using a hyperbolic shear deformation theory", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 20(4), 889-912. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.4.889
  55. Larbi Chaht, F., Kaci, A., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A., Beg, O.A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2015), "Bending and buckling analyses of functionally graded material (FGM) size-dependent nanoscale beams including the thickness stretching effect", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 18(2), 425-442. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.2.425
  56. Mahi, A. and Tounsi, A. (2015), "A new hyperbolic shear deformation theory for bending and free vibration analysis of isotropic, functionally graded, sandwich and laminated composite plates", Appl. Math. Model., 39(9), 2489-2508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2014.10.045
  57. Mantari, J.L. and Guedes Soares, C.G. (2012), "Generalized hybrid quasi-3D shear deformation theory for the static analysis of advanced composite plates", Compos. Struct., 94(8), 2561-2575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.02.019
  58. Matsunaga, H. (2008), "Free vibration and stability of functionally graded plates according to a 2-D higher-order deformation theory", Compos. Struct., 82(4), 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2007.01.030
  59. Meksi, A., Benyoucef, S., Houari, M.S.A. and Tounsi, A. (2015), "A simple shear deformation theory based on neutral surface position for functionally graded plates resting on Pasternak elastic foundations", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 53(6), 1215-1240. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.53.6.1215
  60. Meksi, R., Benyoucef, S., Mahmoudi, A., Tounsi, A., AddaBedia, E.A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2017), "An analytical solution for bending, buckling and vibration responses of FGM sandwich plates", J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. [In Press]
  61. Meradjah, M., Kaci, A., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2015), "A new higher order shear and normal deformation theory for functionally graded beams", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 18(3), 793-809. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.3.793
  62. Meziane, M.A.A., Abdelaziz, H.H. and Tounsi, A. (2014), "An efficient and simple refined theory for buckling and free vibration of exponentially graded sandwich plates under various boundary conditions", J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., 16(3), 293-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636214526852
  63. Mindlin, R.D. (1951), "Influence of rotatory inertia and shear on flexural motions of isotropic, elastic plates", J. Appl. Mech., 18(1), 31-38.
  64. Neves, A.M.A., Ferreira, A.J.M., Carrera E., Cinefra M., Jorge R.M.N. and Soares, C.M.M. (2012), "Buckling analysis of sandwich plates with functionally graded skins using a new quasi-3D hyperbolic sine shear deformation theory and collocation with radial basis functions", ZAMM-Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics/Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, 92(9), 749-766. https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.201100186
  65. Pradyumna, S. and Bandyopadhyay, J.N. (2008), "Free vibration analysis of functionally graded curved panels using a higherorder finite element formulation", J. Sound Vib., 318(1), 176-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2008.03.056
  66. Qian, L.F., Batra, R.C. and Chen, L.M. (2004), "Static and dynamic deformations of thick functionally graded elastic plates by using higher-order shear and normal deformable plate theory and meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method", Compos. Part B Eng, 35(6), 685-697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2004.02.004
  67. Reddy, J.N. (2000), "Analysis of functionally graded plates", Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 47(1-3), 663-684. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(20000110/30)47:1/3<663::AID-NME787>3.0.CO;2-8
  68. Reddy, J.N. (2011), "A general nonlinear third-order theory of functionally graded plates", Int. J. Aerosp. Lightweight Struct., 1(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3850/S201042861100002X
  69. Reissner, E. (1945), "The effect of transverse shear deformation on the bending of elastic plates", J. Appl.Mech., 12(2), 69-72.
  70. Saidi, H., Tounsi, A. and Bousahla, A.A. (2016), "A simple hyperbolic shear deformation theory for vibration analysis of thick functionally graded rectangular plates resting on elastic foundations", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 11(2), 289-307. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.11.2.289
  71. Sallai, B., Hadji, L., Hassaine Daouadji, T. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2015), "Analytical solution for bending analysis of functionally graded beam", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 19(4), 829-841. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.19.4.829
  72. Shahrjerdi, A., Mustapha, F., Bayat, M. and Majid, D.L. (2011), "Free vibration analysis of solar functionally graded plates with temperature-dependent material properties using second order shear deformation theory", J. Mech. Sci. Tech., 25(9), 2195-2209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-011-0610-x
  73. Swaminathan, K. and Naveenkumar, D.T. (2014), "Higher order refined computational models for the stability analysis of FGM plates: Analytical solutions", Eur. J. Mech. A/Solid., 47, 349-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2014.06.003
  74. Taibi, F.Z., Benyoucef, S., Tounsi, A., Bachir Bouiadjra, R., Adda Bedia, E.A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2015), "A simple shear deformation theory for thermo-mechanical behaviour of functionally graded sandwich plates on elastic foundations", J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., 17(2), 99-129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636214554904
  75. Tounsi, A., Houari, M.S.A. and Benyoucef, S. (2013), "A refined trigonometric shear deformation theory for thermoelastic bending of functionally graded sandwich plates", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 24(1), 209-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2011.11.009
  76. Tounsi, A., Houari, M.S.A. and Bessaim, A. (2016), "A new 3-unknowns non-polynomial plate theory for buckling and vibration of functionally graded sandwich plate", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 60(4), 547-565. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.60.4.547
  77. Yamanouchi, M., Koizumi, M., Hirai, T. and Shiota, I. (1990), Proceeding of the 1st International Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials, Sendai, Japan, October.
  78. Zenkour, A.M. (2005), "A comprehensive analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates: Part 2-Buckling and free vibration", Int. J. Solids Struct, 42(18), 5243-5258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.02.016
  79. Zenkour, A.M. (2007), "Benchmark trigonometric and 3-D elasticity solutions for an exponentially graded thick rectangular plate", Arch. Appl. Mech., 77(4), 197-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-006-0084-y
  80. Zidi, M., Tounsi, A., Houari, M.S.A. and Anwar Beg, O. (2014), "Bending analysis of FGM plates under hygro-thermomechanical loading using a four variable refined plate theory", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 34, 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2014.02.001