References
- Barker DJ. The fetal and infant origins of adult disease. BMJ 1990;301(6761):1111. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.301.6761.1111
- Barker DJ, Osmond C, Forsen TJ, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG. Trajectories of growth among children who have coronary events as adults. N Engl J Med 2005;353(17):1802-1809. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa044160
- Gillman MW, Barker D, Bier D, Cagampang F, Challis J, Fall C, et al. Meeting report on the 3rd International Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Pediatr Res 2007;61(5 Pt 1):625-629. https://doi.org/10.1203/pdr.0b013e3180459fcd
- Shonkoff JP, Phillips DA, editors. From neurons to neighborhoods: the science of early childhood development. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2000, p. 182-218.
- Calvin CM, Deary IJ, Fenton C, Roberts BA, Der G, Leckenby N, et al. Intelligence in youth and all-cause-mortality: systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2011;40(3):626-644. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq190
- Moffitt TE, Arseneault L, Belsky D, Dickson N, Hancox RJ, Harrington H, et al. A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011;108(7):2693-2698. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010076108
- Shonkoff JP, Boyce WT, McEwen BS. Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention. JAMA 2009;301(21):2252-2259. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.754
- World Health Organization. Early child development: a powerful equalizer; 2007 [cited 2017 Jun 10]. Available from: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/ecd_final_m30/en/.
- Campbell F, Conti G, Heckman JJ, Moon SH, Pinto R, Pungello E, et al. Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health. Science 2014;343(6178):1478-1485. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1248429
- D'Onise K, Lynch JW, McDermott RA. Does an early childhood intervention affect cardiometabolic risk in adulthood? Evidence from a longitudinal study of preschool attendance in South Australia. Public Health 2012;126(8):682-689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2012.04.012
- D'Onise K, Lynch JW, Sawyer MG, McDermott RA. Can preschool improve child health outcomes? A systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2010;70(9):1423-1440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.12.037
- Muennig P. Can universal pre-kindergarten programs improve population health and longevity? Mechanisms, evidence, and policy implications. Soc Sci Med 2015;127:116-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.08.033
- Phang H, Kim G. Change and inheritance: the structure and process of social status achievement in Korea. Korean J Sociol 2001;35(3):1-30 (Korean).
- Kim M, Chung W, Lim S, Yoon S, Lee J, Kim E, et al. Socioeconomic inequity in self-rated health status and contribution of health behavioral factors in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2010;43(1):50-61 (Korean). https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.1.50
- Khang YH. Relationship between childhood socio-economic position and mortality risk in adult males of the Korea Labour and Income Panel Study (KLIPS). Public Health 2006;120(8):724-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2006.02.008
- Korea Labor Institute. Korean Labor & Income Panel Study (KLIPS) [cited 2016 Sep 6]. Available from: https://www.kli.re.kr/klips/contents.do?key=137 (Korean).
- Richardson DB, Kinlaw AC, MacLehose RF, Cole SR. Standardized binomial models for risk or prevalence ratios and differences. Int J Epidemiol 2015;44(5):1660-1672. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv137
- Galobardes B, Lynch JW, Smith GD. Is the association between childhood socioeconomic circumstances and cause-specific mortality established? Update of a systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008;62(5):387-390. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.065508
- Woo NH, Kim YM, Shin ES. Early private learning. Korean J Child Stud 2009;30(6):249-265 (Korean).
- Baek HJ, Kim HS, Woo NH. A study on the behavioral problems of preschoolers who experienced early supplementary education. Korea J Child Care Educ 2005;43:23-43 (Korean).
- Kauhanen L, Lakka HM, Lynch JW, Kauhanen J. Social disadvantages in childhood and risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular disease in later life: a comparison of historical and retrospective childhood information. Int J Epidemiol 2006;35 (4):962-968. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl046
- Galobardes B, Lynch JW, Davey Smith G. Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and cause-specific mortality in adulthood: systematic review and interpretation. Epidemiol Rev 2004;26:7-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxh008