Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
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Comparison of volatile flavor compounds of yuzu, kumquat, lemon and lime

유자, 금귤, 레몬 및 라임의 휘발성 향기성분의 비교

  • Hong, Young Shin (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University) ;
  • Lee, Ym Shik (Risk Informaton Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Kim, Kyong Su (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University)
  • 홍영신 (조선대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이임식 (식품의약품안전처 위해정보과) ;
  • 김경수 (조선대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2017.02.28
  • Accepted : 2017.06.07
  • Published : 2017.06.30
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Abstract

This study was conducted to confirm the usefulness of essential oil components in yuzu and kumquat cultivated in Korea for comparison with those in lemon and lime. The volatile flavor compounds in citrus fruits (yuzu, kumquat, lemon and lime) were extracted for 3 h with 100 mL redistilled n-pentane/diethylether (1:1, v/v) mixture, using a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction apparatus (SDE). The volatile flavor compositions of the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aroma compounds analyzed were 104 (3,713.02 mg/kg) in yuzu, 87 (621.71 mg/kg) in kumquat 103 (3,024.69 mg/kg) in lemon and 106 (2,209.16 mg/kg) in lime. Limonene was a major volatile flavor compound in four citrus fruits. The peak area of limonene was 35.03% in yuzu, 63.82% in kumquat, 40.35% in lemon, and 25.06% in lime. In addition to limonene, the major volatile flavor compounds were ${\gamma}$-terpinene, linalool, ${\beta}$-myrcene, (E)-${\beta}$-farnesene, ${\alpha}$-pinene and ${\beta}$-pinene in yuzu, and ${\beta}$-myrcene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, (Z)-limonene oxide, (E)-limonene oxide, geranyl acetate and limonen-10-yl acetate in kumquat. Furthermore, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-myrcene, geranyl acetate, neryl acetate and (Z)-${\beta}$-bisabolene in lemon and ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, (Z)-${\beta}$-bisabolene, neral, geranial and neryl acetate in lime were also detected. As a result, it was confirmed that the composition of volatile flavor compounds in four citrus fruits was different. Also, yuzu and kumquat are judged to be worthy of use alternatives for lemon and lime widely used in the fragrance industry.

본 연구는 한국에서 재배된 유자와 금귤을 수입되는 레몬 및 라임과 비교하였을 때 정유성분의 유용적 가치를 확인하고자 하였다. 유자, 금귤, 레몬 및 라임의 휘발성 향기성분 분석을 위하여 재증류한 n-pentane/diethylether(1:1, v/v) 혼합용매 100 mL를 사용하여 SDE 방법으로 3시간동안 휘발성 화합물을 추출한 후 GC/MS로 확인하였다. 유자, 금귤, 레몬 및 라임에서는 각각 104종(3,713.02 mg/kg), 87종(621.71 mg/kg), 103종(3,024.69 mg/kg) 및 106종(2,209.16 mg/kg)의 향기성분이 동정되었다. 4종의 Citrus속 과일의 주요 휘발성 향기성분은 limonene으로 확인되었으며, peak area는 각각 유자 35.03%, 금귤 63.82%, 레몬 40.35% 및 라임 25.06%로 나타났다. Limonene 이외에 유자의 주요 휘발성 향기성분은 ${\gamma}$-terpinene, linalool, ${\beta}$-myrcene, (E)-${\beta}$-farnesene, ${\alpha}$-pinene 및 ${\beta}$-pinene 등이며, 금귤에서는 ${\beta}$-myrcene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, (Z)-limonene oxide, (E)-limonene oxide, geranyl acetate 및 limonen-10-yl acetate 등 순으로 동정되었다. 레몬의 주요 향기성분은 ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-myrcene, geranyl acetate, neryl acetate 및 (Z)-${\beta}$-bisabolene 등 순이며, 라임은 ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, (Z)-${\beta}$-bisabolene, neral, geranial 및 neryl acetate 등 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 4종류 과일의 특징적인 향기성분이 동정되었으며, 휘발성 향기성분 조성비의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 국내산 유자 및 금귤은 향료산업에서 널리 사용되는 레몬과 라임의 대체제로 충분한 활용가치가 있다고 사료된다.

Keywords

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