Korean Journal of Child Studies (아동학회지)

Korean Association of Child Studies (한국아동학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Mothers' Overprotection on Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Effects of Adolescents' Basic Psychological Needs

모의 과보호가 중학생 자녀의 우울증상에 미치는 영향: 기본심리욕구의 매개효과

  • Baek, Mi Young (Department of Child Welfare and Studies, Sookmyung University) ;
  • Lee, So Yean (Department of Child Welfare and Studies, Sookmyung University)
  • 백미영 (숙명여자대학교 아동복지학과) ;
  • 이소연 (숙명여자대학교 아동복지학과)
  • Received : 2017.02.27
  • Accepted : 2017.05.10
  • Published : 2017.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of male and female adolescents' basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) in the relationship between mothers' overprotection and adolescents' depressive symptoms. Methods: The participants included 292 middle school students (52.7% girls) living in Gyeonggi. Correlation analysis, t-test, and PROCESS macro by Hayes (2013) were performed using the SPSS 22.0 software. Results: Adolescents' autonomy and relatedness showed a significant mediating role between mothers' overprotection and depressive symptoms in all adolescents. In the case of male adolescents, only autonomy showed a significant mediating effect between mothers' overprotection and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Both mothers overprotection and adolescents' autonomy and relatedness should be considered to understand the development of depressive symptoms. The result also indicated that gender is an important factor when understanding the mediating role of basic psychological needs between mothers' overprotection and adolescents' depressive symptoms.

Keywords

References

  1. Abela, J. R., & Hankin, B. L. (2008). Handbook of depression in children and adolescents: Causes, treatment, and prevention. In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp.6-32). New York: The Guilford Press. doi:10.1017/S0033291708004480
  2. Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Tashman, N. A., Berrebbi, D. S., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., . . . Morocco, A. (2001). Developmental origins of cognitive vulnerability to depression: Parenting, cognitive, and inferential feedback styles of the parents of individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(4), 397-423. doi:10.1023/A:1005534503148
  3. Blatt, S. J. (1974). Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 29(1), 107-157. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10.1080/00797308.1974.11822616
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). 11th youth health behavior online survey statistics 2015. Retrieved from centers for disease control and prevention website: http://yhs.cdc.go.kr.
  5. Deci, E. L., La Guardia, J. G., Moller, A. C., Scheiner, M. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). On the benefits of giving as well as receiving autonomy support: Mutuality in close friendships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(3), 313-327. doi:10.1177/0146167205282148
  6. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self determination in human behavior. New York: Plennum.
  7. Eccles, J. S., Midgley, C., Wigfield, A., Buchanan, C. M., Reuman, D., Flanagan, C., & MacIver, D. (1993). Development during adolescence: The impact of stage-environment fit on young adolescents' experiences in schools and in families. American Psychologist, 48(2), 90-101. doi:10.1037/0003- 066X.48.2.90
  8. Hauenstein, E. J. (2003). Depression in adolescence. Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 32(2), 239-48. doi:10.1177/0884217503252133
  9. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press.
  10. Herbert, G. L., McCormack, V., & Callahan, J. L. (2010). An investigation of the object relations theory of depression. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 27(2), 219-234. doi:10.1037/ a0019423
  11. Holmbeck, G. N., Johnson, S. Z., Wills, K. E., McKernon, W., Rose, B., Erklin, S., & Kemper, T. (2002). Observed and perceived parental overprotection in relation to psychological adjustment in preadolescents with a physical disability: The mediational role of behavioral autonomy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 96-110. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.70.1.96
  12. Inguglia, C., Ingoglia, S., Liga, F., Coco, A. L., Cricchio, M. G. L., Musso, P., . . . Lim, H. J. (2016). Parenting dimensions and internalizing difficulties in italian and US emerging adults: The intervening role of autonomy and relatedness. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(2), 419-431. doi:10.1007/ s10826-015-0228-1
  13. Joussemet, M., Landry, R., & Koestner, R. (2008). A selfdetermination theory perspective on parenting. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 194-200. doi:10.1037/a0012754
  14. Kovacs, M. (1996). Presentation and course of major depressive disorder during childhood and later years of the life span. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(6), 705-715. doi:10.1097/00004583- 199606000-00010
  15. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Davis, C. G. (1999). "Thanks for sharing that": Ruminators and their social support networks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(4), 801-814. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.4.801
  16. Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979). A parental bonding instrument. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 52(1), 1-10. doi:10.1111/j.2044- 8341.1979.tb02487.x
  17. Reeve, J., & Jang, H. (2006). What teachers say and do to support student's autonomy during a learning activity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(1), 209-218. doi:10.1037/0022- 0663.98.1.209
  18. Rose, A. J., & Rudolph, K. D. (2006). A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential tradeoffs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 98-131. doi:10.1037/0033- 2909.132.1.98
  19. Ryan, R. M., La Guardia, J. G., Solky-Butzel, J., Chirkov, V., & Kim, Y. (2005). On the interpersonal regulation of emotion emotional reliance across gender, relationships and cultures. Personal Relationships, 12(1), 145-163. doi:10.1111/j.1350- 4126.2005.00106.x
  20. Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and non experimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422-445. doi:10.1037//1082-989X.7.4.422
  21. Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2005). Antecedents and outcomes of self determination in 3 life domains: The role of parents' and teachers' autonomy support. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(6), 589-604. doi:10.1007/s10964-005-8948-y
  22. Trouilloud, D., Sarrazin, P., Bressoux, P., & Bois, J. (2006). Relation between teachers' early expectations and students' later perceived competence in physical education classes: Autonomy-supportive climate as a moderator. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(1), 75-86. doi:10.1037/0022- 0663.98.1.75
  23. Veronneau, M. H., Koestner, R. F., & Abela, J. R. Z. (2005). Intrinsic need satisfaction and well being in children and adolescents: An application of self determination theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(2), 280-292. doi:10.1521/jscp.24.2.280.62277
  24. Wexberg, E. (1974). Individual psychologie. Stuttgart: Hirzel.
  25. Wickrama, K. A. S., Conger, R. D., & Abraham, W. T. (2008). Early family adversity, youth depressive symptom trajectories, and young adult socioeconomic attainment: A latent trajectory class analysis. Advances in Life Course Research, 13, 161-192. doi:10.1016/S1040-2608(08)00007-5
  26. Ahn, H.-J., & Mo, A.-R. (2012). A study on the relationship between the child's perceived mother's overprotection and the child's problematic behaviors by the child's enneagram personality type. Korean Journal of Family Welfare, 17(3), 125-148.
  27. Cho, S. C., & Lee, Y. S. (1990). Development of the Korean form of the Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 29(4), 943-956. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A1995886
  28. Choi, J. E., & Kim, M. J. (2015). The effect of family strength and peer support on middle school students' depression and anger. The Korean Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 4(2), 113-129. Retrieved from http://www. newnonmun.com/article=10752293
  29. Chun, S. (2012). Mother's over-protectiveness and adolescent' anxiety: The effects of mediation on adolescent' autonomy. The Korean Journal of the Human Development, 19(4), 61-79. Retrieved from http://www.newnonmun.com/ article=45340
  30. Chun, S., & Han, Y. J. (2013). Mediating effect of higher perception on mother's overprotection and adolescent anxiety and aggression. Journal of Korean Coucil for Children & Rights, 17(2), 285-308. Retrieved from http://www.newnonmun.com/article=53478
  31. Chung, E. Y. (2008). Development of an overprotection scale and study for validity (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11431360
  32. Chung, E. Y., & Chang, S. S. (2008). The development of an overprotection scale based on teenagers' perception of their mothers. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 20(2), 293-312. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06369657
  33. Do, S. (2008). The influence of parents' discipline styles and dysfunctional parenting attitudes on emotional regulation and problem behaviors of adolescents: Focusing on gender difference (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss. kr/link?id=T11559276
  34. Ha, Y.-H. (2004). Effects of parent-adolescent relationships and depression on adolescents' problem behavior. The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, 12(2), 42-52. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102573741
  35. Jeong, H., & Oh, I. (2016). A study on the effect of parentification and overprotectiveness on interpersonal problem: A focus on the mediation effect of emotional regulation style. The Korean Journal of Youth Counseling, 24(2), 259-277. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102574025
  36. Jeoung, E.-G. (2007). The relationship between fathers and mothers parenting attitude and big-five personality of adolescents. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 14(3), 79-110. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/ NODE06661279
  37. Jung, H.-Y., Park, J.-H., & Lee, S. I. (2004). The cognitive characteristics of somatizer according to depressive symptoms and sex. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 43(2), 165-171. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=A18704692
  38. Jung, J., & Kim, J.-N. (2011). Gender differences in relationships between perceived parental behavior, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, behavioral inhibition and depression in early adolescents. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 18(12), 227-254. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ ArticleDetail/NODE06661826
  39. Ki, M., & Kim, M. (2014). The relationship between maternal overprotection, children's ego-resilience and school life adjustment: Focused on 4th, 5th and 6th graders of elementary school students. Journal of School Social Work, 29, 585-612. Retrieved from http://www.newnonmun.com/ article=167696
  40. Kim, B. K., & Min, B. B. (2006). The relationship among perceived parenting behaviors, temperament, character, and depression in adolescence. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25(1), 221-236. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06371235
  41. Kim, B. N., & Choi, H. I. (2013). Effects of study over protective parent's raising attitude on university student's smartphone-addiction: The mediating effects of selfcontrol. Social Science Research Kyungsung University, 29(1), 1-25. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ ArticleDetail/NODE06371235
  42. Kim, C.-K. (2000). Individual psychological analysis on the influence of the parent’s over-protection for the childrearing which affects the personality development of the child. The Journal of Play Therapy, 4(1), 35-49.
  43. Kim, E. J. (2010). The relationship between perceived parenting behaviors and adolescent depression: Mediating effects of dysfunctional attitude and avoidance coping. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(2), 407-425. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/ NODE06371494 https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2010.29.2.004
  44. Kim, H. Y. (2000). A study of the influences of parenting behavior perceived by the early youth on their psychosocial maladaptation (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T10397921
  45. Kim, J., & Oh, K. J. (2011). The effect of parental overprotection on depression: The mediation effect of ego-resilience according to gender. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30(3), 647-661. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06371571 https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2011.30.3.002
  46. Kim, S., & Chung, O. (2011). Maternal overprotection, child emotion regulation and peer relationships: The mediating role of emotion regulation in children. The Korean Journal of the Human Development, 18(3), 69-92. Retrieved from http://www.newnonmun.com/article=27358
  47. Kim, S.-S. (2015). The structural relationship among basic psychological needs, life goals, psychological wellbeing, & depression. The Korean Journal of Educational Psychology. 29(1), 1-25. doi:10.17286/KJEP.2015.29.1.01
  48. Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. (Ed.). (1998). Singyeongjeongsingwahak. Seoul: Hanauihaksa.
  49. Kwak, K.-J., & Mun, E.-Y. (1993). The relationships of psychological characteristics and depression and antisocial behavior in early adolescence. 1993 Annual Conference of Korean Psychological Association (pp. 31-40). Seoul, Korea. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06375623
  50. Lee, H. (2013). The relationship between parental autonomy support and psychological control on the psychosocial adaptation: The mediating effects of children's self-regulation styles (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=T13103740
  51. Lee, H. Y., & Ha, E. H. (2015). Effects of cognitive vulnerability and gender differences to persistence on adolescent depressive symptom: A six months longitudinal study. The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, 20(2), 157- 179. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06502422 https://doi.org/10.18205/kpa.2015.20.2.003
  52. Lee, M. H., & Kim, A. Y. (2008). Development and construct validation of the basic psychological needs scale for Korean adolescents: Based on the self-determination theory. The Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 22(4), 157-174. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06373311
  53. Lee, S., & Choi, J. M. (2006). Maternal overprotective behavior and their children's aggression, withdrawal and perceived competence. The Korean Journal of Community Living Science, 17(2), 69-79. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE00770337
  54. Ma, E.-A., & Son, E.-J. (2014). Maternal psychological control and university students' depression: The mediating effect of autonomy need thwarting and socially prescribed perfectionism. Korean Journal of Counseling, 15(5), 2035- 2051. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.15.5.201410.2035
  55. Moon, K.-J. (2004). The effect of discrepancy between adolescent autonomy need and parental allowance on depression and rulebreaking behavior: mediating effect of conflict with parents (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=T9500673
  56. Moon, K.-J., & Oh, K. J. (2002). The relationship between perceived parental behaviors and early adolescents' depression and anxiety. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(1), 29-43. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06370981
  57. Oh, U. J. (1998). The effects of perceived parent-child relationship on depression (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss. kr/link?id=T7124567
  58. Park, A.-C. (1998). A note on the over-protection for childrearing in its developmental psychological aspects. The Korean Journal of the Human Development, 5(1), 53-73. Retrieved from http://www.newnonmun.com/article=2665
  59. Park, M. S., & Ha, E. H. (2011). The moderating effects of stress types in the relationships between adolescence’s personality predispositions and depressive symptoms. Korean Journal of Play Therapy, 14(3), 53-73.
  60. Ro, K., & Shim, H. (2004). Bullying and victimization with perception of parenting behaviors among elementary school children. Journal of Child Studies, 25(6), 241-257. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102954847
  61. Seong, E. M., Oh, H. S., Chol, Y. M., & Joo, J. H. (2013). Study on youth happiness community's index development and policy I (Research report 13-R11-2). Retrieved from National Youth Policy Institute website: http://lib.nypi.re.kr/ pdfs/2013/11-2.pdf
  62. Shin, H.-K. (2000). The effect of negative affectivity, alexithymia, somato-sensory amplification, and somatic attribution on somatization: Test of a linear mediation model. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 17-32. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100628120
  63. Sohn, S.-H., Noh, K.-S., Huh, M. Y., Jung, H.-O., Lee, S. H., & Kim, S. (2001). A study of adolescent problem behaviors and parenting behaviors. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 40(4), 605-615. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A3002385
  64. Suh, H. N. (2011). A longitudinal study of adolescents'suicidal ideation: Focusing on the effect of stress and depression. Korean Journal of Psychology, 30(3), 629-646. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100631643 https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2011.30.3.001
  65. Suk, M., & Oh, I. (2014). Relations of perceived parental overprotection, negative automatic thought and anger among middle school students. Secondary Education Research, 62(3), 491-511. Retrieved from http://www.riss. kr/link?id=A100110331 https://doi.org/10.25152/ser.2014.62.3.491
  66. Yi, S.-M., & Lee, S. (2009). A relation of covert narcissism to depression and self-efficacy of adolescents. The Journal of Play Therapy, 13(2), 15-28. Retrieved from http://www.riss. kr/link?id=A76541957
  67. Yoon, S.-J., & Kang, S.-H. (2011). The relationships of perceived attachment, social support and problem behavior of middle school students. Journal of Fishries and Marine Sciences Education, 23(4), 582-592. Retrieved from http://www.riss. kr/link?id=A60019022