Journal of Korean Society of Transportation (대한교통학회지)

Korean Society of Transportation (대한교통학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Urban Compactness and Residential Density on Trip Generation: Focusing on Work Trips in Seoul, Korea

도시 압축도와 주거밀도가 통행발생에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 서울시 출근 통행을 중심으로

  • Mahriyar, Muhammad. Zia (Graduate School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University) ;
  • RHO, Jeonghyun (Department of Urban Planning, Hanyang University)
  • ;
  • 노정현 (한양대학교 도시공학과)
  • Received : 2015.10.05
  • Accepted : 2017.02.25
  • Published : 2017.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The compact city usually provides good accessibility of residents with multiple transportation modes. However, in a compact city, annual average of travel distance per household by car is relatively short due to more congested traffic condition and larger travel cost than disperse city. As a result, total travel demand is decreasing when the region becomes more compact. Therefore compact development is regarded as one of the sustainable choices for future urban planning in many countries. This study aims at an empirical analysis of the relationship between urban compactness and travel demand based upon land-use and travel data for city of Seoul. In this study, 424 sub-districts with the mixed land-use patterns are assessed in a hexagonal diagram. The measurement is based on the relative deviation of each sector's characteristics including numbers of residence, manufacture, and trade & service. Multiple linear regression models are developed to analyze the effects of urban compactness on zonal trip generations. As a result, the trip generation rate in the residence-intensive and mixed-use areas is found to be relatively low. Furthermore, residents in high-compact areas tend to use public transport more often than residents in less compact areas.

일반적으로 고밀도 도시는 더 많은 접근성도 높고, 다양한 교통시스템을 운영한다. 그러나 반대로 차량 속도도 늦고 통행 비용이 많이 들기 때문에 가구 당 년간 평균 차량주행거리는 상대적으로 적다. 결국 도시압축도가 높은 도시일수록 교통수요가 작아지는 현상이 나타난다. 오늘날 각국의 토지이용계획에서는 압축도시를 지지한다. 상당한 논쟁에도 불구하고 압축도시는 지속가능한 도시화의 중요한 대안으로 간주된다. 본 연구의 목적은 도시압축도가 높을수록 교통수요를 줄일 수 있는지에 대하여 실증적으로 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 서울시의 각 동(dong)간의 도시압축도와 통행발생에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 특히, 대도시 통행발생의 근원이 되는 출근통행을 대상으로 한다. 혼합용도, 이용 패턴을 고려한 서울시 424개의 동을 육각 다이어그램으로 나타내었다. 가구 수와 제조업, 상업/서비스업 종사자 수 간의 상대적인 편차를 근거로 존의 통행발생율에 대한 도시압축도의 효과를 분석하기 위해 다중선형회귀 모형을 개발하였다. 결과적으로 주거밀도와 혼합용도지역의 통행발생율이 비교적 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 더욱이 압축지역의 사람들은 타 지역에 비해 대중교통 이율이 높은 경향을 보였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Banister D. (1992), Energy Use, Transportation and Settlement Patterns. In Breheny, M.(ed.) Sustainable Development and Urban Form, Pion Ltd, London.
  2. Bourne Larry S. (1992), Self-fulfilling Prophecies? Decentralization, Inner City Decline and the Quality of Urban Life, Journal of the American Planning Association, 58(4), 509-513. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369208975832
  3. Burton E. (2000), The Compact City: Just or Just Compact? A Preliminary Analysis, Urban Studies, 37(11), Carfax Publishing Company, 1969-2006. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980050162184
  4. Crane R. (1996), On Form Versus Function: Will the New Urbanism Reduce Traffic, or Increase It? Journal of Planning Education and Research, 15(2), Journal of Planning Education and Research, 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X9601500204
  5. Fulton W. (1996), The new urbanism: Hope or Hype for American Communities?, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Massachusetts, United States of America.
  6. Gordon P., Kumar A., Richardson H. (1989a), The Influence of Metropolitan Spatial Structure on Commuting Times, Journal of Urban Economics, 26, 138-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(89)90013-2
  7. Gordon P., Kumar A., Richardson H. (1989b), The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: Some New Evidence, Urban Studies, 26, 315-326. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420988920080321
  8. Gordon P., Richardson H., Jun M. (1991), The Commuting Paradox-Evidence From the Top Twenty, Journal of the American Planning Association, 57(4), 416-420. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369108975516
  9. Guiliano G., Small K. (1993), Is the Journey to Work Explained by Urban Structure? Urban Studies, 30(9), Carfax Publishing Company, 1485-1500. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989320081461
  10. Jeong H. R., Choi C. G. (2013), Influence of Residents and Neighborhood Land Use on Choice of Large-Scale Discount Stores- Focused on Seoul in Korea (Korean Version), Journal of Korea Planning Association, 48(4), Korea Panning Association, 219-236.
  11. Kim K. J., Choe S. C. (2010), In search of sustainable urban form for Seoul. Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability, Springer, New York, United Stated of America, 43-66.
  12. Levinson D. M., Kumar A. (1994), The Rational Locator: Why Travel Times Have Remained Stable, Journal of the American Planning Association, 60(3), Apa American Planning Association, 319-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369408975590
  13. Nam K., Lim U., Kim B.H.. (2012), 'Compact' or 'Sprawl' for the Sustainable Urban form? Measuring the Effect of Travel Behavior in Korea, The Annals of Regional Science, 49(1), Springer Science, 157-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-011-0443-7
  14. Newman P., Kenworthy J. (1989), Gasoline Consumption in Cities: A Comparison of US. Cities With a Global Survey, Journal of the American Planning Association, 55(1), American Planning Association, 24-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944368908975398
  15. OECD (2012), Compact City Policies: A Comparative Assessment, OECD Publishing, Paris, France.
  16. Pucher J. Park H. Kim M.H., Song J. (2005), Seoul - Meeting the Burgeoning Travel Demands of a Megacity, Public Transport International, 54(3), Union Internationale Des Transports Publics, 54-61.
  17. Song M.-R. (1998), Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Commuting Behavior in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (Korean Version), Journal of Korea Planners Association, 33(4), Korea Planners Association, 55-75.
  18. Wachs M., Taylor B., Levine N., Ong P. (1993), The Changing Commute: A Case Study of the Jobs-Housing Balance Relationship Over Time, Urban Studies, 30(10), 1711-1730. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989320081681

Cited by

  1. Private-Car Mode Choice in Commuting and Its Hidden Impacts on the Travel Time : Focused on the Multilevel Determinant Measures of Individual, Household, and Residential Area vol.55, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.17208/jkpa.2020.02.55.1.54