Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
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The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Ultrastructural Changes and Mechanism on the Cytoplasmic Organelles

전리방사선이 세포질 소기관의 미세구조변화와 기전에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Moo Seok (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Jong Kyu (Department of Physics, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Nam, Ji Ho (Department of Radiation Oncology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital) ;
  • Ha, Tae Yeong (Department of Radiation Oncology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital) ;
  • Lim, Yeong Hyeon (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of biomedical science and technology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital) ;
  • Kil, Sang Hyeong (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of biomedical science and technology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital)
  • 이무석 (부산대학교병원 핵의학과) ;
  • 이종규 (부경대학교 물리학과) ;
  • 남지호 (양산부산대학교병원 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 하태영 (양산부산대학교병원 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 임영현 (양산부산대학교병원 핵의학과) ;
  • 길상형 (양산부산대학교병원 핵의학과)
  • Received : 2017.06.08
  • Accepted : 2017.06.28
  • Published : 2017.06.30
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Abstract

Ionizing radiation is enough energy to interact with matter to remove orbital electrons, neutrons, and protons in the atom. Ionizing radiation like this leads to oxidizing metabolism that alter molecular structure through direct and indirect interactions of radiation with the deoxyribonucleic acid in the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles or via products of cytoplasm radiolysis. These ionization can result in tissue damage and disruption of cellular function at the molecular level. Consequently, ionizing radiation-induced modifications of ion channels and transporters have been reported. When the harmful effects exceed those of homeostatic biochemical processes, induced biological changes persist and may be propagated to progeny cells. Also, Reactive oxygen species formed on the effect of ionizing radiation can get across into neighboring cells through the cell junctions that are responsible for intercellular chemical communication, and may there bring about changes characteristic to radiation damage. Depending on radiation dose, dose-rate and quality, these protective mechanisms may or may not be sufficient to cope with the stress. This paper briefly reviewed reports on ionization radiation effects on cellular level that support the concept of radiation biology. A better understanding of the biological effects of ionizing radiation will lead to better use of and better protection from radiation.

전리방사선은 물질과 상호작용하여 원자내의 중성자나 양성자, 궤도전자를 충분히 제거시킬 수 있는 에너지이다. 이와 같은 전리방사선은 DNA이나 세포질 소기관과 세포질의 방사선 분해 생성물을 통해 직접적, 간접적으로 상호작용하여 분자구조를 변화시키는 산화적 대사를 일으킨다. 이러한 전리 현상은 분자수준에서 조직을 손상시키고, 세포 기능을 파괴할 수 있다. 따라서, 전리방사선에 의해 유도된 이온채널과 수송 변형이 보고되고 있다. 이러한 현상이 항상성을 유지하기 위한 생화학적 과정을 무너뜨리면, 유도된 생물학적 변화가 지속되고 후대로 영향을 미친다. 또한, 전리방사선의 영향으로 형성된 활성산소는 세포연접을 통해 인접세포로 퍼져 나갈 수 있다. 방사선량, 선량률, 선질에 따라 이러한 메커니즘이 충분히 방어할 수도 있고 그렇지 않을 수도 있다. 본 총설에서는 방사선생물학의 개념을 뒷받침하는 전리방사선의 세포수준에서 생물학적 효과에 대한 보고서를 간략히 알아보았다. 전리방사선의 생물학적 효과를 잘 이해하면 방사선을 잘 이용할 수 있고, 방사선피폭으로부터 더 나은 방호를 할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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