Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Simulation of Atmospheric CO2 Over Coastal Basin Urban Areas Using Meteorology-Vegetation Model

기상-식생 모델을 이용한 연안 분지 도시 지역의 대기 중 CO2 시뮬레이션

  • Park, Changhyoun (Department of Atmospheric Environmental Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Hwa Woon (Department of Atmospheric Environmental Sciences, Pusan National University)
  • 박창현 (부산대학교 대기환경과학과) ;
  • 이화운 (부산대학교 대기환경과학과)
  • Received : 2017.04.10
  • Accepted : 2017.04.25
  • Published : 2017.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM) were coupled to simulate atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations. The performance of the WRF-VPRM to simulate regional scale $CO_2$ concentration was estimated over coastal basin areas. Either Hestia 2011(HST) or Vulcan 2002(VUL) anthropogenic $CO_2$ emission data were used in two numerical experiments for the study regions. Simulated meteorological variables were validated with ground and background $CO_2$ measurement data, and the results show that the model captured temporal variations of $CO_2$ concentration on a daily basis. $CO_2$ directional analysis revealed that the dominant $CO_2$ emission sources are located S and SW. The simulated Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) agreed relatively well with measured $CO_2$ fluxes at each vegetation class site, showing approximately 40% at max improvement at shrub areas.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahmadov, R., Gerbig, C., Kretschmer, R., Koerner, S., Neininger, B., Dolman, A. J., Sarrat, C., 2007, Mesoscale covariance of transport and $CO_2$ fluxes: Evidence from observations and simulations using the WRF-Chem coupled atmosphere-biosphere model, J. Geophys. Res-Atmos., 112, D22107. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008552
  2. Ahmadov, R., Gerbig, C., Kretschmer, R., Korner, S., Rodenbeck, C., Bousquet, P., Ramonet, M., 2009, Comparing high resolution WRF-Chem simulations and two global $CO_2$ transport models with coastal tower measurements of $CO_2$, Biogeosciences, 6(5), 807-817. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-807-2009
  3. Baldocchi, D., Falge, E., Gu, L. H., Olson, R., Hollinger, D., Running, S., Anthoni, P., Bernhofer, C., Davis, K., Evans, R., Fuentes, J., Goldstein, A., Katul, G., Law, B., Lee, X. H., Malhi, Y., Meyers, T., Munger, W., Oechel, W., U, K. T. P., Pilegaard, K., Schmid, H., Valentini, R., Verma, S., Vesala, T., Wilson, K., Wofsy, S., 2001, Fluxnet: A New tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 82(11), 2415-2434. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<2415:FANTTS>2.3.CO;2
  4. Bowden, R. D., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Boone, R. D., Melillo, J. M., Garrison, J. B., 1993, Contributions of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and root respiration to total soil respiration in a temperature mixed hardwood forest, Can. J. Forest. Res., 23(7), 1402-1407. https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-177
  5. Conil, S., Hall, A., 2006, Local regimes of atmospheric variability: A Case study of southern California, J. Climate., 19(17), 4308-4325. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3837.1
  6. Gerbig, C., Lin, J. C., Wofsy, S. C., Daube, B. C., Andrews, A. E., Stephens, B. B., Bakwin, P. S., Grainger, C. A., 2003, Toward constraining regional-scale fluxes of $CO_2$ with atmospheric observations over a continent: 2. Analysis of COBRA data using a receptor-oriented framework, J. Geophys. Res-Atmos., 108(D24).
  7. Gurney, K. R., Mendoza, D. L., Zhou, Y. Y., Fischer, M. L., Miller, C. C., Geethakumar, S., Du Can, S. D., 2009, High resolution fossil fuel combustion $CO_2$ emission fluxes for the united states, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 5535-5541. https://doi.org/10.1021/es900806c
  8. Gurney, K. R., Razlivanov, I., Song, Y., Zhou, Y. Y., Benes, B., Abdul-Massih, M., 2012, Quantification of fossil fuel $CO_2$ emissions on the building/street scale for a large US City, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46(21), 12194-12202. https://doi.org/10.1021/es3011282
  9. IPCC, 2013, Climate change 2013: The physical science basis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535.
  10. Jamroensan, 2013, Improving bottom-up and top-down estimates of carbon fluxes in the Midwestern USA, Ph. D Thesis, University of Iowa, USA.
  11. Jung, M., Henkel, K., Herold, M., Churkina, G., 2006, Exploiting synergies of global land cover products for carbon cycle modeling, Remote. Sens. Environ., 101(4), 534-553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.020
  12. Kormann, R., Meixner, F. X., 2001, An Analytical footprint model for non-neutral stratification, Boundary Layer, Meteorol., 99, 207-224. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018991015119
  13. Mahadevan, P., Wofsy, S. C., Matross, D. M., Xiao, X. M., Dunn, A. L., Lin, J. C., Gerbig, C., Munger, J. W., Chow, V. Y., Gottlieb, E. W., 2008, A Satellite-based biosphere parameterization for net ecosystem $CO_2$ exchange: Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM), Global. Biogeochem. Cy., 22(2).
  14. Newman, S., Jeong, S., Fischer, M. L., Xu, X., Haman, C. L., Lefer, B., Alvarez, S., Rappenglueck, B., Kort, E. A., Andrews, A. E., Peischl, J., Gurney, K. R., Miller, C. E., Yung, Y. L., 2013, Diurnal tracking of anthropogenic $CO_2$ emissions in the Los Angeles basin megacity during spring 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4359-4372. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4359-2013
  15. Newman, S., Xu, X., Gurney, K. R., Hsu, Y. K., Li, K. F., Jiang, X., Keeling, R., Feng, S., O'Keefe, D., Patarasuk, R., Wong, K. W., Rao, P., Fischer, M. L., Yung, Y. L., 2016, Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up $CO_2$ emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3843-3863. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3843-2016
  16. Park, C., Schade, G. W., 2016, Anthropogenic and biogenic features of long-term measured $CO_2$ flux in north downtown Houston, Texas, J. Environ. Qual., 45, 253-265. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.02.0115
  17. Perez-Landa, G., Ciais, P., Gangoiti, G., Palau, J. L., Carrara, A., Gioli, B., Miglietta, F., Schumacher, M., Millan, M. M., Sanz, M. J., 2007, Mesoscale circulations over complex terrain in the Valencia coastal region, Spain - Part 2: Modeling $CO_2$ transport using idealized surface fluxes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7(7), 1851-1868. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1851-2007
  18. Peters, W., Jacobson, A. R., Sweeney, C., Andrews, A. E., Conway, T. J., Masarie, K., Miller, J. B., Bruhwiler, L. M. P., Petron, G., Hirsch, A. I., Worthy, D. E. J., van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Wennberg, P. O., Krol, M. C., Tans, P. P., 2007, An Atmospheric perspective on North American carbon dioxide exchange: CarbonTracker, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2007, 104, 18925-18930.
  19. Peylin, P., Rayner, P. J., Bousquet, P., Carouge, C., Hourdin, F., Heinrich, P., Ciais, P., Aerocarb contributors, 2005, Daily $CO_2$ flux estimates over Europe from continuous atmospheric measurements: 1, inverse methodology, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3173-3186. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-3173-2005
  20. Pillai, D., Gerbig, C., Ahmadov, R., Rodenbeck, C., Kretschmer, R., Koch, T., Thompson, R., Neininger, B., Lavric, J. V., 2011, High-resolution simulations of atmospheric $CO_2$ over complex terrain - representing the Ochsenkopf mountain tall tower, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11(15), 7445-7464. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7445-2011
  21. Tans, P. P., Fung, I. Y., Takahashi, T., 1990, Observational constraints on the global atmospheric $CO_2$ budget, Science, 247(4949), 1431-1438. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4949.1431
  22. Turnbull, J. C., Karion, A., Fischer, M. L., Faloona, I., Guilderson, T., Lehman, S. J., Miller, B. R., Miller, J. B., Montzka, S., Sherwood, T., Saripalli, S., Sweeney, C., Tans, P. P., 2011, Assessment of fossil fuel carbon dioxide and other anthropogenic trace gas emissions from airborne measurements over Sacramento, California in spring 2009, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 705-721. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-705-2011
  23. Ulrickson, B. L., Mass, C. F., 1990, Numerical investigation of mesoscale circulations over the Los-Angeles casin, a verification study, Mon. Weather. Rev., 118(10), 2138-2161. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<2138:NIOMCO>2.0.CO;2
  24. Willmott, C. J., 1982, Some comments on the evaluation of model performance, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 63(11), 1309-1313. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1982)063<1309:SCOTEO>2.0.CO;2