Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Conservation Environment for Mural Tomb in Goa-ri, Goryeong

고령 고아리 벽화고분의 보존환경 연구

  • Jeong, Seon Hye (Department of Heritage Conservation & Restoration, Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Hyun Ju (Department of Heritage Conservation & Restoration, Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Min Young (Institute of Preventive Conservation for Cultural Property, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Chung, Yong Jae (Department of Heritage Conservation & Restoration, Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage)
  • 정선혜 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산전문대학원 문화재수리기술학과) ;
  • 이현주 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산전문대학원 문화재수리기술학과) ;
  • 이민영 (한국전통문화대학교 문화재예방보존연구소) ;
  • 정용재 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산전문대학원 문화재수리기술학과)
  • Received : 2017.05.19
  • Accepted : 2017.06.13
  • Published : 2017.06.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study focused on the Gaya mural tomb located in Goa-ri, Goryeong-gun, North Gyeongsang Province, Republic of Korea. Environmental factors such as ambient temperature, relative humidity and surface temperature, and microbial distribution on mural tombs were monitored for one year to gather data on the conservation environment of the mural tombs. The average internal temperature difference with reference to the ambient outer temperature was observed to be $11.7^{\circ}C$ for the monitoring period and the internal temperature of the tomb was found to change periodically every one or two months in response to the outer temperature. The highest temperature was observed in September and the lowest in March. The relative humidity in the mural tomb remained constant at 100%. Between December and April, condensation occurred on the ceiling of the main room of the tomb, where the murals are located. On the ceiling of the aisle, the condensation occurred throughout the year. The inside and surface wall were isolated from microorganisms, which could grow when a suitable growth environment suitable is established. Based on microbial growth temperature conditions, risk periods of microbial hazards were established, where in the period from August to October was identified as the most dangerous.

본 연구는 가야시대 고분인 고령 고아리 벽화고분을 대상으로 하였다. 고분의 보존환경 연구를 위해 고분의 환경(온습도, 표면온도, 결로)과 생물(미생물 분포) 모니터링을 1년간 실시하였다. 그 결과, 고분 내외부의 연평균 온도차는 $11.7^{\circ}C$로 확인되었고 고분 내부의 온도는 외부 온도와 1~2개월 격차로 변화되고 있었다. 고분 내 최고 온도는 9월, 최저 온도는 3월이었고 상대습도는 약 100%로 유지되었다. 결로의 경우 벽화가 그려진 고분 현실의 천장에는 4월부터 12월까지 결로가 발생하였고, 연도 천장에는 1년 내내 결로가 발생하였다. 고분 내부와 벽체 표면에서는 미생물이 분리 배양되어 미생물 생장에 적합한 환경이 조성되면 생장가능 할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 미생물 생장 온도 조건을 기준으로 미생물 발생 위험 예측도를 작성하였고 8월부터 10월이 위험 기간으로 확인되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Baekje World Heritage Center, 2016, Conservation environment monitoring of Buyeo Neungsan-ri ancient tombs. 56-74. (in Korean)
  2. Cho, W.C., 2008, A study on the period of added burial which reflected on the mural painting tumulus of Great Gaya based on the lotus flower patterns. The Journal of Paekche Culture, 39, 33-51. (in Korean with English abstract)
  3. Choi, H.H., 2004, Microbiology. Acabook, 153.
  4. Chung, Y.J., Kang, D.I., Han, K.S. and Hong, S.G., 2010, Conservational research of Baekje Songsan-ri tomb No. 6. Research and Service Report of Goungju-si, Chungcheongnamdo Province. (in Korean)
  5. Chung, Y.J., Kang, D.I., Han, K.S. and Hong, S.G., 2012, Research of conservational methods for mural paintings in Songsan-ri tomb. Research and service report of Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do Province, 89-176. (in Korean)
  6. Ciferri, O., 1999, Microbial degradation of paintings. Applied and environmental microbiology, 65(3), 879-885.
  7. Dupont, J., Jacquet, C., Dennetiere, B., Lacoste, S., Bousta, F., Orial, G., Gruaud, C., Couloux, A. and Roquebert, M.F., 2007, Invasion of the French paleolithic painted cave of Lascaux by members of the Fusarium solani species complex. Micologia, 99(4), 526-533. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2007.11832546
  8. Garg, K.L., Jain, K.K. and Mishra, A.K., 1995, Role of fungo in the deterioration of wall paintings. The Science of the Total Environment, 167, 255-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04587-Q
  9. Jung, H.S., 2009, Study on construction of Koguryo tombs and sacrificial rites. Ph. D. dissertation, Korea University, Seoul, 1-6. (in Korean with English abstract)
  10. Jung, H.S., 2014, The construction and features of Gaya Goadong murals. Prehistory and Ancient History, 40, 165-188. (in Korean with English abstract)
  11. Kang, D.I., 2013, Current status of wall painting conservation in Japan. Journal of Korean Traditional Cultural Heritage, 11, 169-195. (in Korean with English abstract)
  12. Kang, D.I., 2012, Conservation of mural paintings of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus. Journal of Korean Traditional Cultural Heritage, 10, 110-127. (in Korean with English abstract)
  13. Kigawa, R., Sano, C., Ishizaki, T., Miura, S. and Sugiyama, J., 2009, Biological issues in the conservation of mural paintings of Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Japan. National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo, 43-50.
  14. Kim, D.W., Jeong, S.H., Lee, M.Y. and Chung Y.J., 2016, Thermal environment analysis for preserving ancient mural painting in Songsan-ri tomb No. 6, Gongju, Korea. Journal of Conservation Science, 32(4), 521-534. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2016.32.4.07
  15. Kim, W.Y., 1964, Summary in Goari tomb in Goryeong. Korean Journal of Art History, 5(3), 499-501. (in Korean)
  16. Lee, K.M., Lee, H.S. and Han, K.S., 2015, The research of condition for mural tomb in Goa-ri, Goryeong in Gaya period. Korean Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies, 48(4), 45-61. (in Korean with English abstract)
  17. Lee, M.Y., Kim, D.W. and Chung, Y.J., 2014, Conservation environmental assessment and microbial distribution of the Songsan-ri ancient tombs, Gongju, Korea. Journal of Conservation Science, 30(2), 169-179. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2014.30.2.06
  18. Moon, W.S., Hong, J.O., Hwang, J.J., Kim, S.K. and Cho, N.C., 2002, Scientific analysis of ancient mural pigments. Korean Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies, 35, 160-185. (in Korean with English abstract)
  19. National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2007, Current preservation states of Koguryo mural tombs under the operation of the South and North Korea II. 219-253. (in Korean)
  20. Portillo, M.C., Ganzalez, J.M. and Saiz-Jimenez, C., 2007, Metabolically active microbial communities of yellow and grey colonizations on the walls of Altamira cave, Spain. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 104(3), 681-691. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03594.x
  21. Portillo, M.C., Saiz-Jimenez, C. and Ganzalez, J.M., 2009, Molecular characterization of total and metabolically active bacterial communities of "white colonizations" in the Altamira cave, Spain. Research in Microbiology, 160(1), 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2008.10.002