International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials

Korea Concrete Institute (한국콘크리트학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Experimental Cyclic Behavior of Precast Hybrid Beam-Column Connections with Welded Components

  • Received : 2016.01.10
  • Accepted : 2017.01.31
  • Published : 2017.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Post-earthquake observations revealed that seismic performance of beam-column connections in precast concrete structures affect the overall response extensively. Seismic design of precast reinforced concrete structures requires improved beam-column connections to transfer reversed load effects between structural elements. In Turkey, hybrid beam-column connections with welded components have been applied extensively in precast concrete industry for decades. Beam bottom longitudinal rebars are welded to beam end plates while top longitudinal rebars are placed to designated gaps in joint panels before casting of topping concrete in this type of connections. The paper presents the major findings of an experimental test programme including one monolithic and five precast hybrid half scale specimens representing interior beam-column connections of a moment frame of high ductility level. The required welding area between beam bottom longitudinal rebars and beam-end plates were calculated based on welding coefficients considered as a test parameter. It is observed that the maximum strain developed in the beam bottom flexural reinforcement plays an important role in the overall behavior of the connections. Two additional specimens which include unbonded lengths on the longitudinal rebars to reduce that strain demands were also tested. Strength, stiffness and energy dissipation characteristics of test specimens were investigated with respect to test variables. Seismic performances of test specimens were evaluated by obtaining damage indices.

Keywords

References

  1. ACI 318. (2011). Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. American Concrete Institute. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.
  2. ACI 352R. (2002). Recommendations for design of beam-column connections in monolithic reinforced concrete structures. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.
  3. ACI 374.1. (2005). Acceptance criteria for moment frames based on structural testing and commentary. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.
  4. ACI 550.2R. (2013). Design guide for connections in precast jointed systems. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.
  5. ACI ITG/T1.2. (2003). Special hybrid moment frames composed of discretely jointed precast and post-tensioned concrete member and commentary. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.
  6. Ang, A. H. S., Kim, W. J., & Kim, S. B. (1993). Damage estimation of existing bridge structures. In Structural engineering in natural hazards mitigation: Proceedings of ASCE structures congress, Irvine CA (Vol. 2, pp. 1137-1142).
  7. ASTM A615/A 615M. (1992). Deformed and plain billet-steel bars for concrete reinforcement. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
  8. ASTM A706M. (2013). Standard specification for low-alloy steel deformed and plain bars for concrete reinforcement. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
  9. Atakoy, H. (2014). Review on weldability of reinforcing steel, and design criterion for reinforced concrete applications. Precast Concrete Journal, 110, 5-9. (in Turkish).
  10. Belleri, A., & Riva, P. (2012). Seismic performance and retrofit of precast concrete grouted sleeve connections. PCI Journal, 57(1), 97-109. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.01012012.97.109
  11. Chang, B., Hutchinson, T., Wang, X., & Englekirk, R. (2013). Experimental seismic performance of beam-column subassemblies using ductile embeds. Journal of Structural Engineering, 139(9), 1555-1566. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000628
  12. Chen, S., Yan, W., & Gao, J. (2012). Experimental investigation on the seismic performance of large-scale interior beam-column joints with composite slab. Advances in Structural Engineering, 15(7), 1227-1237. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.15.7.1227
  13. Cheok, G. S., Stone, W. C., & Lew, H. S. (1993). Performance of 1/3-scale model precast concrete beam-column connections subjected to cyclic inelastic loads. Report No. 3, NISTIR 5246, National Institute of Standard and Technology.
  14. Cheok, G. S., Stone, W. C., & Nakaki, S. D. (1996). Simplified design procedure for hybrid precast concrete connections. NISTIR 5765, National Institute of Standard and Technology.
  15. Craifaleanu, I-G., & Lungu, D. (2008). An assessment of damage potential and of building performance demands for Romanian Vrancea earthquakes. In 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China.
  16. Ertas, O., Ozden, S., & Ozturan, S. (2006). Ductile connections in precast concrete moment resisting frames. PCI Journal, 51(3), 66-76. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.05012006.66.76
  17. FEMA P-795. (2011). Quantification of building seismic performance factors: Component equivalency methodology. Washington, DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency.
  18. Im, H., Park, H., & Eom, T. (2013). Cyclic loading test for reinforced-concrete emulated beam-column connection of precast concrete moment frame. ACI Structural Journal, 110(1), 115-125.
  19. Kassem, W. (2015). Strength prediction of corbels using strutand-tie model analysis. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 9(2), 255-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-015-0102-y
  20. Kim, J., & Hyunhoon, C. (2015). Monotonic loading tests of RC beam-column subassemblage strengthened to prevent progressive collapse. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 9(4), 401-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-015-0119-2
  21. Lim, K., Shin, H., Kim, D., Yoon, Y., & Lee, J. (2016). Numerical assessment of reinforcing details in beam-column joints on blast resistance. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 10(3), 87-96.
  22. Moehle, J. (2014). Seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings. New York: McGraw Hill Professional.
  23. Negro, P., & Toniolo. G. (2012). Design guidelines for connections of precast structures under seismic actions. Report EUR 25377 EN, European Commission.
  24. Ozden, S., & Meydanli, H. (2003). Seismic response of precast industrial buildings during 1999 Kocaeli earthquake. SE-40EEE, Skopje earthquake 40 years of European earthquake engineering, Skopje, Macedonia.
  25. Pampanin, S., Priestley, M. J., & Sritharan, S. (2001). Analytical modeling of the seismic behaviour of precast concrete frames designed with ductile connections. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 5(3), 239-367.
  26. Park, R., & Ang, A. H. S. (1985). Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering, 111(4), 722-739. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:4(722)
  27. Park, R., & Bull, D. K. (1986). Seismic resistance of frames incorporating precast prestressed concrete beam shells. PCI Journal, 31(4), 54-93. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.07011986.54.93
  28. Priestley, M. J. N., Sritharan, S., Conley, J. R., & Pampanin, S. (1999). Preliminary results and conclusions from the PRESSS five-story precast concrete test building. PCI Journal, 44(6), 42-67. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.11011999.42.67
  29. Rashidian, O., Abbasnia, R., Ahmadi, R., & Nav, F. M. (2016). Progressive collapse of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column sub-assemblages: Considering the effects of a transverse frame. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 10(4), 479-497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-016-0167-2
  30. Rodriguez, M. E., & Rodriguez, A. (2006). Welding of reinforcing bars should be avoided in reinforced concrete structures in seismic zones in Mexico. Revista de Ingenieria Sismica, Sociedad Mexicana de Ingenieria Sismica, 75, 69-95. (in Spanish).
  31. Rodriguez, Mario. E., & Torres-Matos, Miguel. (2013). Seismic behavior of a type of welded precast concrete beam-column connection. PCI Journal, 58(3), 81-94.
  32. Ronagh, H. R., & Baji, H. (2014). On the FE modeling of FRP-retrofitted beam-column subassemblies. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 8(2), 141-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-013-0047-y
  33. Saatcioglu, M., Mitchell, D., Tinawi, R., Gardner, N. J., Gillies, A. G., Ghobarah, A., et al. (2001). The August 17, 1999 Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake-damage to structures. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 28(4), 715-737. https://doi.org/10.1139/l01-043
  34. Senel, S., & Palanci, M. (2013). Structural aspects and seismic performance of 1-story precast buildings in Turkey. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 27(4), 437-449. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000316
  35. TS EN ISO 2560. (2013). Welding consumables - Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels - Classification. Ankara: Turkish Standards Institution.
  36. TS 708. (2010). Steel for the reinforcement of concrete-Reinforcing steel. Ankara: Turkish Standards Institution.
  37. Turkish Earthquake Code (TEC). (1998). Specifications for structures built in disaster areas. Ankara: Ministry of Public Works and Settlement.
  38. Turkish Earthquake Code (TEC). (2007). Specifications for buildings constructed in disaster areas. Ankara: Ministry of Public Works and Settlement.
  39. Yuksel, E., Karadogan, H. F., Bal, I. E., Ilki, A., Bal, A., & Inci, P. (2015). Seismic behavior of two exterior beam-column connections made of normal-strength concrete developed for precast construction. Engineering Structures, 99, 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.04.044

Cited by

  1. Seismic Performance Factors for Precast Buildings with Hybrid Beam-Column Connections vol.199, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.510
  2. The Effects of Steel Fiber and Nano-SiO2 on the Cyclic Flexural Behavior of Reinforced LWAC Beams vol.22, pp.10, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-0920-3
  3. Experimental Evaluation of Precast Concrete Beam-Column Connections with High-strength Steel Rebars vol.23, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-1807-7
  4. Assessment and Optimization of a Clean and Healthier Fusion Welding Procedure for Rebar in Building Structures vol.10, pp.20, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207045
  5. System identification for a six-storey precast concrete frame building vol.73, pp.10, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.19.00441
  6. Experimental Studies on Portal Frames made with Palm oil Shell Light Weight Fiber Reinforced Concrete vol.1979, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1979/1/012002
  7. Experimental study on the mechanical properties of grouted sleeve joint with the fiber-reinforced grouting material vol.41, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102691