DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Reassessment of the Taxonomic Status of the Bemisia tabaci Complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Based on Mitochondrial COI Gene Sequences

미토콘드리아 COI 유전자 분석을 통한 담배가루이 종복합군의 분류학적 재평가

  • Lee, Wonhoon (Department of Plant Medicine and Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Gwan-Seok (Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA)
  • 이원훈 (경상대학교 식물의학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 이관석 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 작물보호과)
  • Received : 2016.11.06
  • Accepted : 2017.02.16
  • Published : 2017.06.01

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important insect pests in the world. In the present study, the taxonomic status of B. tabaci and the number of species composing the B. tabaci complex were determined based on 550 COI gene sequences of B. tabaci. Genetic divergence within B. tabaci ranged from 0% to 27.8% (average 11.1%). This result indicates that the B. tabaci complex is composed of multiple species that may belong to different genera or subfamilies. A phylogenetic tree constructed based on 217 COI gene sequences without duplications revealed that the B. tabaci complex is composed of a total of 43 putative species, including a new species, Java. In addition, genetic divergence within nine species (Australia, Asia II 1, Asia II 6, Asia II 7, Asia II 10, Mediterranean, New world, New world 2, Sub Saharan Africa 1) indicates that 4.0% is reasonable to be used as a threshold of species boundaries within the B. tabaci complex, and species with high intraspecific genetic divergences can be related with cryptic species.

담배가루이는 경제적으로 매우 중요한 농업 해충들 중의 하나이며, 전세계적으로 40개 이상의 종들로 구성된 종복합군(species complex)으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 담배가루이 종복합군의 유전적 변이와 구성하는 종들의 수를 550개의 COI 염기서열들을 바탕으로 재평가하였다. 담배가루이의 유전적 변이는 0% - 27.8%이며(평균 11.1%), 이는 담배가루이 종복합군이 서로 다른 속들 혹은 아과들에 속하는 다양한 종들로 구성되어 있음을 나타낸다. 217개 COI 염기서열들을 바탕으로 분석된 계통수는 담배가루이 종복합군이 잠재적인 신종(Java)을 포함한 43개 종들로 구성되어 있고, 이 가운데 9종(Australia, Asia II 1, Asia II 6, Asia II 7, Asia II 10, Mediterranean, New world, New world 2, Sub Saharan Africa 1)의 종내 유전적 변이는 기존의 종구분 한계인 4.0%가 담배가루이 종복합군의 종들을 구분하는데 적합하며, 높은 종내 유전변이를 보이는 종들은 은밀종과 관련이 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Alemandri, V., De Barro, P., Bejerman, N., Arguello Caro, E.B., Dumon, A.D., Mattio, M.F., Rodriguez, S.M., Truoli, G., 2012. Species within the Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: leyrodidae) complex in soybean and bean crops in Argentina. J. Econ. Entomol. 105, 48-53. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11161
  2. Ashfaq, M., Hebert, P.D., Mirza, M.S., Khan, A.M., Mansoor, S., Shah, G.S., Zafar, Y., 2014. DNA barcoding of Bemisa tabaci complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) reveals southerly expansion of the dominant whitefly species on cotton in Pakistan. PLoS One 9, e104485. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104485
  3. Bedford, I.D., Briddon, R., Brown, J.K., Rosell, R.C., Markham, P.G., 1994. Geminivirus-transmission and biological characterisation of Bemisa tabaci (Gennadius) biotypes from different geographic regions. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 125, 311-325
  4. Boykin, L.M., Bell, C.D., Evans, G., Small, I., De Barro, P., 2013. Is agriculture driving the diversification of the Bemisia tabaci species complex (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae)? Dating, diversification and biogeographic evidence revealed. BMC Evol. Biol. 13, 228. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-228
  5. Boykin, L.M., 2014. Bemisia tabaci nomenclature: lessons learned. Pest Manag. Sci. 70, 1454-1459. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3709
  6. Boykin, L.M., De Barro, P., 2014. A practical guide to identifying members of the Bemisia tabaci species complex: and other morphologically identical species. Front. Ecol. Evol. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2014.00045.
  7. Brown, J., Frohlich, D., Rosell, R., 1995. The sweetpotato or silverleaf whiteflies: biotypes of Bemisa tabaci or a species complex? Annu. Rev. Entomol. 40, 511-534. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.40.010195.002455
  8. Brown, J.K., 1990. An update on the whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses in the Americas and the Caribbean Basin. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 39, 5-23.
  9. Brown, J.K., 2000. Molecular markers for the identification and global tracking of whitefly vector-Begomovirus complexes. Virus Res. 71, 233-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1702(00)00221-5
  10. Byrne, D.N., Bellows, Jr., T.S., 1991. Whitefly biology. Ann. Rev.Entomol. 36, 431-457. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.002243
  11. Chowda-Reddy, R.V., Kirankumar, M., Seal, S.E., Muniyappa, V., Valand, G.B., Govindappa, M.R., Colvin, J., 2012. Bemisia tabaci Phylogenetic Groups in India and the Relative Transmission Efficacy of Tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus by an Indigenous and an Exotic Population. J. Integr. Agric. 11, 235-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(12)60008-2
  12. Clement, M., Posada, D., Crandall, K.A., 2000. TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Mol. Ecol. 9, 1657-1659. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01020.x
  13. Costa, H.S., Brown, J.K., 1991. Variation in biological characteristics and in esterase patterns among populations of Bemisa tabaci (Genn) and the association of one population with silverleaf symptom development. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 61, 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01553.x
  14. De Barro, P.J., Driver, F., Trueman, J.W., Curran, J., 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of world populations of Bemisa tabaci (Gennadius) using ribosomal ITS1. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 16, 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1999.0768
  15. De Barro, P.J., Liu, S.S., Boykin, L.M., Dinsdale, A.B., 2011. Bemisa tabaci: a statement of species status. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 56, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-112408-085504
  16. Dinsdale, A., Cook, L., Riginos, C., Buckley, Y.M., De Barro, P., 2010. Refined Global Analysis of Bemisa tabaci (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodoidea: Aleyrodidae) Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 to Identify Species Level Genetic Boundaries. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 103, 196-208. https://doi.org/10.1603/AN09061
  17. Firdaus, S., Vosman, B., Hidayati, N., Jaya Supena, E.D., Visser, R.G., van Heusden, A.W., 2013. The Bemisa tabaci species complex: additions from different parts of the world. Insect Sci. 20, 723-733. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12001
  18. Guindon, S., Dufayard, J.F., Lefort, V., Anisimova, M., Hordijk W., Hordijk, W., Gascuel, O., 2010. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst. Biol. 59, 307-321. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq010
  19. Hu, J., De Barro, P., Zhao, H., Wang, J., Nardi, F., Liu, S.S., 2011. An Extensive Field Survey Combined with a Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals Rapid and Widespread Invasion of Two Alien Whiteflies in China. PLoS ONE 6(1), e16061. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016061.
  20. Hu, J., Jiang, Z.L., Nardi, F., Liu, Y.Y., Luo, X.R., Li, H.X., Zhang, Z.K., 2014. Members of Bemisa tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) cryptic species and the status of two invasive alien species in the Yunnan Province (China). J. Insect Sci. 14, 1-8.
  21. Kimura, M., 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 16, 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581
  22. Lee, W., Kim, H., Lim, J., Choi, H.-r., Kim, Y., Kim, Y.S., Ji, J.Y., Foottit, R.G., Lee, S., 2011. Barcoding aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) of the Korean Peninsula: updating the global data set. Mol. Ecol.Resour. 11, 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02877.x
  23. Lee, W., Park, J., Lee, G.S., Lee, S., Akimoto, S., 2013. Taxonomic status of the Bemisa tabaci complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and reassessment of the number of its constituent species. PLoS One 8, e63817. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063817
  24. Lee, W., Kim, C.-S., Lee, K.-Y., Lee, G.-S., 2016. The JpL species of the Bemisia tabaci complex in Korea: Detection by an extensive field survey and analysis of COI sequence variability. J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 19, 23-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2015.11.006
  25. Legg, J.P., Sseruwagi, P., Boniface, S., Okao-Okuja, G., Shirima, R., Bigirimana, S., Gashaka, G., Herrmann, H.W., Jeremiah, S., Obiero, H., Ndyetabula, I., Tata-Hangy, W., Masembe, C., Brown, J.K., 2014. Spatio-temporal patterns of genetic change amongst populations of cassava Bemisa tabaci whiteflies driving virus pandemics in East and Central Africa. Virus Res. 186, 61-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2013.11.018
  26. Parrella, G., Scassillo L., Giorgini, M., 2012. Evidence for a new genetic variant in the Bemisa tabaci species complex and the prevalence of the biotype Q in southern Italy. J Pest Sci 85: 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-012-0417-2
  27. Tahiri, A., Halkett, F., Granier, M., Gueguen, G., Peterschmitt, M., 2013. Evidence of gene flow between sympatric populations of the Middle East-Asia Minor 1 and Mediterranean putative species of Bemisa tabaci. Ecology and Evolution 3, 2619-2633. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.655
  28. Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., Kumar, S., 2011. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28, 2731-2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121
  29. Tay,W.T., Evans, G.A., Boykin, L.M., De Barro, P.J., 2012. Will the real Bemisia tabaci please stand up? PLoS ONE 7 (11), e50550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050550.
  30. Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F., Higgins, D.G., 1997. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 4876-4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876
  31. Ueda, S., Kitamura, T., Kijima, K., Honda, K.-I., Kanmiya, K., 2008. Distribution and molecular characterization of distinct Asian populations of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Japan. J. Appl. Entomol. 133, 355-366.
  32. Zhang, D.-X., Hewitt, G.M., 1996. Nuclear integrations, challenges for mitochondrial DNA markers. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11, 247-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)10031-8