DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

국내 단감원에서 식나무깍지벌레의 계절적 발생과 화학적 방제

Seasonal Occurrences and Chemical Control of Oyster Scale, Psuedaulacaspis cockerelli (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Sweet Persimmon Orchards in Korea

  • 정부근 (경상남도농업기술원 친환경연구과) ;
  • 이흥수 (경상남도농업기술원 친환경연구과) ;
  • 강동완 (경상남도농업기술원 친환경연구과) ;
  • 권진혁 (경상남도농업기술원 친환경연구과)
  • Chung, Bu-Keun (Div. of Plant Environment, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Lee, Heung-Su (Div. of Plant Environment, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Kang, Dong-Wan (Div. of Plant Environment, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Kwon, Jin-Hyeuk (Div. of Plant Environment, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services)
  • 투고 : 2016.06.25
  • 심사 : 2016.10.29
  • 발행 : 2017.06.01

초록

단감원에서 식나무깍지벌레의 발생을 최소화하고자 시기별 발생특성과 우수 방제약제를 선발하였다. 가지에서 월동한 약충이나 암컷 깍지는 9월 중순경에 교미 후, 월동에 들어가며 다음 해 봄철에 기온상승과 더불어 포란과 산란의 과정을 거쳐, 5월 중하순까지 산란을 마친 후 죽었다. 수컷은 대부분 9월 말까지 우화하여 암컷과 교미하고 죽었으나 낙엽에서 월동하는 개체의 경우 모두 사멸하였다. 식나무깍지벌레의 산란 특성은 매년 기상상황에 따라 차이가 있었고, 4월 중순부터 5월 중 하순까지 산란하고, 5월 초 중순에 산란 최성기를 보였다. 산란 량은 160개 정도로 추정되며, 산란 최성기로부터 약 1주일 경과 후 부화 최성기를 보였다. 여름철에는 7월 초 중순에 시작하여 8월 중 하순까지 산란하고, 7월 말과 8월 초에 산란 최성기에 도달하며, 암컷 한 마리당 산란수는 봄철보다도 다소 적은 130개 정도이고, 난 기간은 약 4일로 추정되었다. 가는 가지에서 월동한 성충이 산란한 알로부터 부화한 1세대 약충은 가지와 잎에서 각각 10%, 90% 정도의 비율로 관찰되었다. 가는 가지에서 대부분 암컷 깍지로 발육하고 2009년 7월 27일 2세대 약충 발생 최성기에 도달한 다음 8월 중 하순경부터 월동처로 정하고 살아간다. 암컷과 수컷 깍지는 8월 이전까지 잎에서 거의 비슷한 비율로 발육하다가, 2009년 8월 12일 이후 잎에서 수컷의 약충 발생 최성기를 시작으로 8월 27일 수컷 깍지벌레 발생 최성기, 9월 14일 전후로 수컷 성충의 발생에 이르기까지 일관된 발생관계를 관계를 보여주었다. 8월 12일 잎에서 관찰되는 약충 중 75% 정도는 발육하여 수컷으로 우화하여 교미하고 죽는 것으로 나타났다. Buprofezine+dinotefurn (20+15) WP로 6월 9일과 16일 2회 방제하고 7주 후에 생사충을 판정한 결과 방제가가 90.6%로 나타났다.

An investigation was conducted to determine the characteristics of seasonal occurrences and effective insecticides for minimizing the occurrence of Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli in sweet persimmon orchards. Most of the nymphs or female scales that mated in mid-September overwintered on twigs, matured to lay eggs in the next spring in accordance with temperature increase, and survived till mid to late May to lay all of their eggs. Males mostly died after mating by the end of September, while the males on the fallen leaves died during the hibernating period. Egg laying in P. cockerelli showed differences in accordance with the weather conditions in each year. They laid eggs from mid-April to mid- or late May, with a peak in early or mid-May. A female was estimated to lay 160 eggs; eggs hatched a week later from the peak period of egg laying. In summer, egg laying started in early or mid-July and ended in mid- or late August, with a peak in late July or early August; a female laid approximately 130 eggs in summer. The estimated egg period was 4 days. The first generation nymph that hatched from the eggs laid by the overwintered female on twigs showed 10% occurrence on twigs and 90% on leaves. The first generation nymphs on twigs mostly developed into female scales. The occurrence of the second generation nymphs reached a peak on July 27, 2009; they lived on the twigs as their overwintering site from mid- or late August. The female and male scales on leaves developed at the similar rate as the first generation nymphs up to August. The occurrence of male scales indicated that the peak occurrence of nymphs was on August 12, 2009, male scales on August 27, and adults approximately on September 14, which showed steady relationship in the sequence of development from nymphs to adult males. Among the nymphs that occurred on the leaves on August 12, 75% of them emerged into male adults, mated, and died. Buprofezine+dinotefurn (20+15) WP treatment on June 9 and 16 resulted in 90.6% control of P. cockerelli, when mortality was checked 7 weeks after treatment.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Beardsley, J.W.Jr., Gonzalez, R.H., 1975. The biology and ecology of armored scales. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 20, 47-73. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.20.010175.000403
  2. Ham, E.H., Lee, T.S., Lee, J.S., Park, J.K., 2013. Biological control of magnolia white scale; Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and yellow tea thrips; Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on five flavor berry orchards, using Chrydoperla nipponensis (Okamoto) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseidae). Korean J. Nature Conserv. 7, 142-146. https://doi.org/10.11624/KJNC.2013.7.2.142
  3. Kwon, K.M., Park, K.T., 2002. Taxanomic reconsideration of Eriococcidae (Sternorrhyncha) occurring on the persimmon tree, Diospyros kaki Thunb. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 41, 305-311.
  4. Kwon, T.Y., Park, S.D., Park, S.D., Choi, B.S., Kwon, Y.J., 1995. Seasonal occurrences and chemical control effects of Ericoccus largerstroemiae Kuwana in persimmon trees. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 34, 295-299.
  5. Hara, A.H., Hata, T.Y., Hu, B.K.S., Tenbrink, V.L., 1993. Hot-water immersion as a potential quarantine treatment against Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Homoptera: Diaspididae) J. Econ. Entomol. 86, 1167-1170. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/86.4.1167
  6. Han, M.J., Lee, S.W., Choi, J.Y., Lee, G.S., Kwon, K.M., Park, Y.M., Yoo, J.K., Choi, D.R., Goh, H.G., 2002. Illustrations on the scales in horticultural crops. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology. Suwon. 121pp (Korean).
  7. Miller, D.R., 1991. The scales, scale insects or coccoids, pp. 90-107. in F.W.Stehr (Eds.), Immature Insects, Vol. 2. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa. 975pp.
  8. Miller, D.R., 2005. Selected scale insect groups (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in the southern region of the United States. Florida Entomologist. 88, 482-501 https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[482:SSIGHC]2.0.CO;2
  9. Miller, D.R., Davidson, J.A., 2005. Armored scale insects of trees and shrubs. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY. 425pp.
  10. Paik, W.H., 1978. Illustrated flora and fauna of Korea. Vol. 22. Insecta (VI), Coccoidea. Samhwa Publishing Company, Seoul. 481p.
  11. Park, J.D., Park, I.S., Kim, K.C., 1990. Host range, occurrence and developmental characteristics of Ceropalstes pseudoceriferus (Homoptera: Coccidae) on persimmon trees. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 29, 269-276.
  12. Park, J.D., Kim, Y.H., Kim, S.S., Kim, I.S., Kim, K.C., 1993. Seasonal occurrences, host preference and hatching behavior of Eriococcus lagerstroemiae. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 32, 83-89.
  13. Reinert, J.A., 1974. Management of the false oleander scale, Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley). Florida State Horticultural Society. 518-520.
  14. Suh, S.J., 2015. New records of armored scale insects, Pseudaulacaspis MacGillivray (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Korea. Insecta Mundi 0403, 1-8.
  15. Zhang, F.P., Yang, Z.W., Jiang, B.F., Lin, P., 2008. Preliminary studies on the scale insect pest of Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli in mangrove. J. Fujian Coll. Forestry. 2008, 220-224.