DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Review Study of Researches on Jakyakgamcho-tang

작약감초탕(芍藥甘草湯)의 연구동향(硏究動向) 분석(分析)

  • Received : 2017.05.12
  • Accepted : 2017.05.25
  • Published : 2017.05.31

Abstract

Objectives : Jakyakgamcho-tang has been used to treat muscular tension, spasm and pain. On this study, new clinical uses of Jakyakgamcho-tang were confirmed and the other pharmacological results were summarized by analysing trends of modern experimental studies and clinical studies. Methods : Papers related to Jakyakgamcho-tang were searched on PUBMED, RISS, and National Assembly Library, and classified by categories and effects of clinical application and a variety of experiment around abstract. Also, figures were used for sketching out a timeline of expressing when these papers were read and core research content was described as a digest for identifying research trends. Results : Until today, there are 104 researches about the antispasmodic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory effects of Jakyakgamcho-tang. In total, 91 papers were analyzed in this study. In matter of subject, researches on the antispasmodic effects were 17 cases, researches on the analgesic effects were 14 cases, researches on gynecological therapeutics were 14 cases, researches on pharmacokinetics were 12 cases, researches on the constituent identification were 7 cases, studies about constituents efficacy were 6 cases, studies about interactions with drugs were 6 cases. Conclusion : The traditional use of Jakyakgamcho-tang on muscle tension, spasm and pain has proven to have effects through the experimental evidences. Other effects of Jakyakgamcho-tang such as gynecological therapeutics, anti-inflammatory effects, are now emerging as a new area in clinical use. Futhermore as an auxiliary treatment, Jakyakgamcho-tang is a good alternative for muscle cramps during maintenance of hemodialysis, myalgia or arthralgia induced by anticancer drugs, amenorrhea induced by neuroleptics.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee SI, Cho HR, The Comparisons of Shanghanlun, Bucheon:Korean Medical Association of clinical Sanghan-Geumgwe. 2015:196.
  2. Kook YB, Kim SC, Park SD, Park SK, Seo BI, Seo YB, Shin SS, Lee SI, Lee JC, Lee KH, Jeong JG, Ju YS, Choi HY. . Seoul:Younglimsa. 2006:238.
  3. Yoon YG. Korean Herbal Formula and Priscriptions Interpretation. Seoul:EuiSeongDang Publishing co. 2011:55.
  4. Moon JJ, Ahn KS, Kim SH, Park JH, Kim DH, Choi DY, Shin YI, Eum HS, Chi GY, Lee SG, Kim JB, Lee KG, Maeng WJ, Kim YM. ShangHanLunJeongHae. Seoul:Hanimoonhwasa. 2010:105.
  5. Lee JH. The Illustrations of Important Herbal Prescriptions. Wonju:Yibang Medicalbook Publisher. 2004:611.
  6. Otsuka K. Rinsho Ohyoh Shokanron Kaisetsu. Wonju:Yibang Medicalbook Publisher. 2004:172.
  7. Kook YB. Applications of Prescriptions Including Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix Decoction in Dongeuibogam. Herbal formula science. 2010;18(2):1-14.
  8. Huh Y. Applications of Prescriptions Including Jakyakgamcho-tang : Focused on Euihakipmoon. Graduate School of Sangji University; Master's Thesis. 2012:1-32.
  9. Kim JH, Lee JK, Ha HK, Seo CS, Lee MY, Lee HY, Jung DY, Lee MH, Lee JA, Hwang DS, Shin HK. Analysis of Studies on Guibi-tang for Fundamental Establishment of Evidence Based Medicine(EBM). Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry. 2009;20(3):205-216.
  10. Lee JK, Lee MH, Ha HK, Lee HY, Seo CS, Jung DY, Lee JA, Shin HK. Analysis of Studies on Ssanghwa-tang for Establishment of Evidence Based Medicine. Korean Journal Of Oriental Medicine. 2008;14(3):41-47.
  11. Lee MH, Ha HK, Lee HY, Jung DY, Choi JY, Lee JK, Shin HK. Analysis of Studies on Ojeok-san for Establishment of Evidence Based Medicine. Herbal formula science. 2008;16(2):1-9.
  12. Ma CJ, Lee MH, Ma JY, Ha HK, Yu YB, Shin HK. Analysis of Studies on Palmul-tang for Establishment of Evidence Based Medicine. Herbal formula science. 2007;15(2):35-45.
  13. Lee JK, Kim JH, Shin Hk. Systematic Studies on Galgeun-tang for Establishment of Evidence Based Medicine. Herbal formula science. 2011:19(1):103-111.
  14. Kim JH, Lee JK, Shin HK. Analysis of studies on Bangpungtongseong-san to establish the fundament for Evidence Based Medicine. The journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology. 2011;24(1):1-15.
  15. Kim JH, Lee JK, Shin HK. Analysis of studies on Bojungikgi-tang to establish the fundament for Evidence Based Medicine. 2011;17(2):135-167.
  16. Lee JK, Seo CS, Jung DY, Kang KS, Shin HK. Systematic Studies on Yijin-tang for Establishment of Evidence Based Medicine. Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry. 2010;21(3):77-86.
  17. Hong ND, Kim JW, Kim NJ, Keong GM. Studies on the Efficacy of Combined Preparations of Crude Drugs (IX) - Effect of Jakyakgamcho- Tang on Anti-inflammatory and Antiulcerative Actions, and Motility of Isolated Intestine-. Kor. J. Pharmacog. 1982:13(2);87-91.
  18. Jang JH, Kim KH, Yun JW, Kim KS. Studies on the Analgesic and Anticonvulsive Effects of Jakyakgamchotang Extract Aqua - acupuncture stimulation in Mice. The Journal Of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine Society. 1993:10(1);247-264.
  19. Lee KK, Omiya Y, Yuzurihara M, Kase Y, Kobayashi H. Antispasmodic effect of shakuyakukanzoto extract on experimental muscle cramps in vivo: role of the active constituents of Glycyrrhizae radix. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013;145(1):286-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.005
  20. Kaifuchi N1, Omiya Y, Kushida H, Fukutake M, Nishimura H, Kase Y. Effects of shakuyakukanzoto and its absorbed components on twitch contractions induced by physiological Ca2+ release in rat skeletal muscle. J Nat Med. 2015l;69(3):287-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-015-0890-z
  21. Hyodo T, Taira T, Kumakura M, Yamamoto S, Yoshida K, Uchida T, Sakai T, Endo T, Baba S, Hidai H. The immediate effect of Shakuyakukanzo- to, traditional Japanese herbal medicine, for muscular cramps during maintenance hemodialysis. Nephron. 2002;90(2):240. https://doi.org/10.1159/000049057
  22. Hinoshita F, Ogura Y, Suzuki Y, Hara S, Yamada A, Tanaka N, Yamashita A, Marumo F. Effect of orally administered shao-yao-gan-cao-tang (Shakuyaku-kanzo-to) on muscle cramps in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a preliminary study. Am J Chin Med. 2003;31(3):445-53. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X03001144
  23. Jung WS, Moon SK, Park SU, Ko CN, Cho KH. Clinical assessment of usefulness, effectiveness and safety of jackyakamcho-tang (shaoyaogancaotang) on muscle spasm and pain : a case series. Am J Chin Med. 2004;32(4):611-20. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X04002247
  24. Hyodo T, Taira T, Takemura T, Yamamoto S, Tsuchida M, Yoshida K, Uchida T, Sakai T, Hidai H, Baba S. Immediate effect of Shakuyaku-kanzo -to on muscle cramp in hemodialysis patients. Nephron Clin Pract. 2006;104(1):28-32. https://doi.org/10.1159/000093256
  25. Sakai Y, Tsuyuguchi T, Ishihara T, Kato K, Tsuboi M, Ooka Y, Katsuura K, Ohara T, Takayama S, Kimura M, Kasanuki J, Ai M, Yokosuka O. Confirmation of the antispasmodic effect of shakuyaku-kanzo-to (TJ-68), a Chinese herbal medicine, on the duodenal wall by direct spraying during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. J Nat Med. 2009;63(2):200-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-008-0304-6
  26. Fujinami H, Kajiura S, Ando T, Mihara H, Hosokawa A, Sugiyama T. Direct spraying of shakuyakukanzoto onto the duodenal papilla: a novel method for preventing pancreatitis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Digestion. 2015;91(1):42-5. https://doi.org/10.1159/000368812
  27. Maeda T, Shinozuka K, Baba K, Hayashi M, Hayashi E. Effect of shakuyaku-kanzoh-toh, a prescription composed of shakuyaku (Paeoniae Radix) and kanzoh (Glycyrrhizae Radix) on guinea pig ileum. J Pharmacobiodyn. 1983;6(3):153-60. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb1978.6.153
  28. Hwang KM. Effect of Jagyakgamchotang and its Constituent Medicines on Gastro-Intestinal Track Smooth Muscles. 1998. Wonkwang University Master's Thesis.
  29. Kim HS. Effects of Jakyakgamchotang Extract on the Trachea Smooth Muscle. 1998. Wonkwang University Master's Thesis.
  30. Lee YS. Study on the Effect of Jakyakgamcho-tang. 2001. Wonkwang University Doctoral Dissertation.
  31. Hea GJ. Effects of Jakyakgamchotang on Contracted Artery in Rabbit. 2005. Semyung University Master's Thesis.
  32. Tsuji S, Yasuda K, Sumi G, Cho H, Tsuzuki T, Okada H, Kanzaki H. Shakuyaku-kanzo-to inhibits smooth muscle contractions of human pregnant uterine tissue in vitro. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012;38(7):1004-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01827.x
  33. Suganami A, Sakamoto K, Ono T, Watanabe H, Hijioka N, Murakawa M, Kimura J. The inhibitory effect of shakuyakukanzoto on K+ current in H9c2 cells. Fukushima J Med Sci. 2014;60(1):22-30. https://doi.org/10.5387/fms.2013-16
  34. Yun SJ. Change of effects of Jakyakkamchotang in the process of time. 1990. Kyunghee University Master's Thesis.
  35. Cheon YS. Study of the analgesic effect of JakYak GamChoTang-herbal acupuncture. 1993. KyungHee University Master's Thesis.
  36. Lee KO. Effects of Jakyakgamchotang extract on the Analgesic effect in Mice. 1998. Wonkwang University Master's Thesis.
  37. Omiya Y, Suzuki Y, Yuzurihara M, Murata M, Aburada M, Kase Y, Takeda S. Antinociceptive effect of shakuyakukanzoto, a Kampo medicine, in diabetic mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2005;99(4):373-80. https://doi.org/10.1254/jphs.FP0050536
  38. Hidaka T, Shima T, Nagira K, Ieki M, Nakamura T, Aono Y, Kuraishi Y, Arai T, Saito S. Herbal medicine Shakuyaku-kanzo-to reduces paclitaxelinduced painful peripheral neuropathy in mice. Eur J Pain. 2009;13(1):22-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.03.003
  39. Zhang J, Lv C, Wang HN, Cao Y. Synergistic interaction between total glucosides and total flavonoids on chronic constriction injury induced neuropathic pain in rats. Pharm Biol. 2013;51(4):455-62. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2012.739177
  40. Fujiwara H, Urabe T, Ueda K, Mizunoe T, Date K, Nakano M, Honda N, Sakashita T, Fujito N. Prevention of arthralgia and myalgia from paclitaxel and carboplatin combination chemotherapy with Shakuyaku-kanzo-to. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2000 Jul;27(7):1061-4.
  41. Yamamoto K, Hoshiai H, Noda K. Effects of shakuyaku-kanzo-to on muscle pain from combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Gynecol Oncol. 2001;81(2):333-4. https://doi.org/10.1006/gyno.2001.6168
  42. Hasegawa K, Mizutani Y, Kuramoto H, Nagao S, Masuyama H, Hongo A, Kodama J, Yoshinouchi M, Hiramatsu Y, Kudo T, Okuda H. The effect of L-Glutamine and Shakuyaku-Kanzo-to for paclitaxel-induced myalgia/arthralgia. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2002;29(4):569-74.
  43. Fujii K, Okamoto S, Saitoh K, Sasaki N, Takano M, Tanaka S, Kudoh K, Kita T, Tode T, Kikuchi Y. The efficacy of Shakuyaku-Kanzo-to for peripheral nerve dysfunction in paclitaxel combination chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2004;31(10):1537-40.
  44. Kubota T, Miyata A. Successful use of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to, a traditional herbal medicine, for intractable symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome: a case report. J Anesth. 2005;19(2):157-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-004-0293-x
  45. Hosokawa A, Ogawa K, Ando T, Suzuki N, Ueda A, Kajiura S, Kobayashi Y, Tsukioka Y, Horikawa N, Yabushita K, Fukuoka J, Sugiyama T. Preventive effect of traditional Japanese medicine on neurotoxicity of FOLFOX for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter retrospective study. Anticancer Res. 2012;32(7):2545-50.
  46. Schröder S, Beckmann K, Franconi G, Meyer-Hamme G, Friedemann T, Greten HJ, Rostock M, Efferth T. Can medical herbs stimulate regeneration or neuroprotection and treat neuropathic pain in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy? Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:423713.
  47. Okumi H, Koyama A. Kampo medicine for palliative care in Japan. Biopsychosoc Med. 2014;8(1):6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-8-6
  48. Usuki S, Tanaka J, Kawakura Y, Usuki Y. A proposal of ovarian ERAANPS (endothelin-renin -angiotensin-atrial natriuretic peptide system) and effects of tokishakuyakusan, keishibukuryogan, shakuyakukanzoto and unkeito on the ERAANPS. Am J Chin Med. 1992;20(1):65-74. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X92000072
  49. Usuki S, Usuki Y, Tanaka J, Kawakura Y. Effects of tokishakuyakusan, keishibukuryogan, shakuyakukanzoto and unkeito on ovarian endothelin, renin and angiotensin II in pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin-treated immature rats. Am J Chin Med. 1992;20(2):175-9. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X92000187
  50. Mori T, Sakamoto S, Matsuda M, Kyokuwa M, Namiki H, Kuwa K, Kawashima S, Nagasawa H. Suppression of spontaneous development of uterine adenomyosis and mammary hyperplastic alveolar nodules by Chinese herbal medicines in mice. Am J Chin Med. 1993;21(3-4):263-8. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X93000315
  51. Kim SH, Jung KK, Kang SY, Kim TG, Kim CO, Moon A, Ryu KZ, Lee SD, Ryeu HM. The effect of Jackyakgamcho-tang on Follicular Maturation and Estrogen Production in the Immature Rat. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 1997:28(3);104-111.
  52. Wang D, Wong HK, Zhang L, McAlonan GM, Wang XM, Sze SC, Feng YB, Zhang ZJ. Not only dopamine D2 receptors involved in Peony- Glycyrrhiza Decoction, an herbal preparation against antipsychotic-associated hyperprolactinemia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012;39(2):332-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.07.005
  53. Wang D, Wang W, Zhou Y, Wang J, Jia D, Wong HK, Zhang ZJ. Studies on the regulatory effect of Peony-Glycyrrhiza Decoction on prolactin hyperactivity and underlying mechanism in hyperprolactinemia rat model. Neurosci Lett. 2015;606:60-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2015.08.024
  54. Takahashi K, Kitao M. Effect of TJ-68 (shakuyakukanzo- to) on polycystic ovarian disease. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. 1994;39(2):69-76.
  55. Yamada K, Kanba S, Yagi G, Asai M. Effectiveness of herbal medicine (shakuyaku-kanzo-to) for neuroleptic-induced hyperprolactinemia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997;17(3):234-5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199706000-00025
  56. Yamada K, Kanba S, Yagi G, Asai M. Herbal medicine (Shakuyaku-kanzo-to) in the treatment of risperidone-induced amenorrhea. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999;19(4):380-1. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199908000-00018
  57. Tanaka T. A novel anti-dysmenorrhea therapy with cyclic administration of two Japanese herbal medicines. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2003;30(2-3):95-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-8545(02)00055-4
  58. Yuan HN, Wang CY, Sze CW, Tong Y, Tan QR, Feng XJ, Liu RM, Zhang JZ, Zhang YB, Zhang ZJ. A randomized, crossover comparison of herbal medicine and bromocriptine against risperidoneinduced hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;28(3):264-370. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e318172473c
  59. Hori H, Yoshimura R, Katsuki A, Nakamura J. Herbal medicine (Shakuyaku-kanzo-to) improves olanzapine-associated hyperprolactinemia: a case report. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;33(1):122-3. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jcp.0000426177.36207.da
  60. Guan YG, Liao JB, Li KY, Li YC, Song Y, Ling J, Su ZR. Potential mechanisms of an antiadenomyosis chinese herbal formula shaoyao-gancao decoction in primary cell culture model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:982913.
  61. Wang W, Tian DD, Zheng B, Wang D, Tan QR, Wang CY, Zhang ZJ. Peony-Glycyrrhiza Decoction, an Herbal Preparation, Inhibits Clozapine Metabolism via Cytochrome P450s, but Not Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase in In Vitro Models. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015;43(7):1147-53. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.062653
  62. Hong ND, Kim JW, Kim NJ, Keong GM. Studies on the Efficacy of Combined Preparations of Crude Drugs (IX) -Effect of Jakyakgamcho-Tang on Anti-inflammatory and Antiulcerative Actions, and Motility of Isolated Intestine-. Kor. J. Pharmacog. 1982:13(2);87-91.
  63. Lim JP. Studies on the Effcacy of Jagyaggamcho-Tang. Woosuk University 논문집. 1984:6;103-112.
  64. Son SK. Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Jackyakgamcho-tang Using the Elevated Plus-Maze in Mice. 2009. Daegu Haany University Master's Thesis.
  65. Sugishita E, Amagaya S, Ogihara Y. Studies on the combination of Glycyrrhizae Radix in Shakuyakukanzo-To. J Pharmacobiodyn. 1984 Jul;7(7):427-35. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb1978.7.427
  66. Kang TH, Baek HY, Kim YC. Protective effect of jakyak-gamcho-tang extract and its constituents against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in HT22 cells. Am J Chin Med. 2005;33(2):181-9. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X05002850
  67. Kim BW. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Jakyakgamchotang. Korean J. Orient. Int. Med.. 2010:31(2);365-371.
  68. Jeong SJ, Lim HS, Seo CS, Kim JH, Jin SE, Yoo SR, Shin HK. Traditional herbal formula Jakyakgamchotang (Paeonia lactiflora and Glycyrrhiza uralensis) impairs inflammatory chemokine production by inhibiting activation of STAT1 and NF-${\kappa}$B in HaCaT cells. Phytomedicine. 2015;22(2):326-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.12.002
  69. Chou DJ, Cho KH, Lee KS. A case report of a patient with hypokalemia. Journal of Euilim. 2001;281:79-80.
  70. Homma M, Ishihara M, Qian W, Kohda Y. Effects of long term administration of Shakuyaku-kanzo-To and Shosaiko-To on serum potassium levels. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2006;126(10):973-8. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.126.973
  71. Fujita T, Nagakawa H, Izawa T, Okada T, Tanabe N, Takiguchi Y, Tatsumi K, Kuriyama T. Case of shakuyakukanzoto-induced CD4 dominant pneumonitis diagnosed on day eight of the challenge test. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi. 2008 Sep;46(9):717-21.
  72. Washizuka M, Yamauchi A, Mizuo T, Ueda T, Takeuchi H. Choreito and Shakuyakukanzoto: their effects on facilitating the voiding of stones in the urinary tract. Hinyokika Kiyo. 1983;29(1):83-6.
  73. Xu JD, Liu ZH, Chen SZ. Effects of Paeoniaglycyrrhiza decoction on changes induced by cisplatin in rats. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1994;14(11):673-4.
  74. Wu TH, Chen LC, Yang LL. Hypouricemic effect and regulatory effects on autonomic function of Shao-Yao Gan-Cao Tang, a Chinese herbal prescription, in asymptomatic hyperuricemic vegetarians. Rheumatol Int. 2007;28(1):27-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-007-0385-7
  75. Ha S, Lee HK, Seo DI. Effects of Peony-Licorice Mixture Supplementation on Blood Glucose and Lactate Levels. Kor. J. Herbology. 2012:27(5);93-97. https://doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2012.27.5.93
  76. Katayama K, Yoshino T, Munakata K, Yamaguchi R, Imoto S, Miyano S, Watanabe K. Prescription of kampo drugs in the Japanese health care insurance program. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:576973.
  77. Hwang GT, Song HJ. Study on Paeoniflorin content in Radix Paeoniae Alba and Jagyakgamchotang Decoction of Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Glycyrrhizae. Journal Of Korean Medicine. 1992:13(1);41-46.
  78. Xu J, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y. One-step immunochromatographic separation and ELISA quantification of glycyrrhizin from traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2007;850(1-2):53-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.062
  79. Sakakibara I. 3D-HPLC fingerprints of Kampo medicine and botanical raw materials. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2008;132(5):265-9. https://doi.org/10.1254/fpj.132.265
  80. Yu JW. Study on the Ingredient of Jakyakgamchotang. 2010. Wonkwang University Master's Thesis.
  81. Yin Q, Wang P, Zhang A, Sun H, Wu X, Wang X. Ultra-performance LC-ESI/quadrupole-TOF MS for apid analysis of chemical constituents of Shaoyao-Gancao decoction. J Sep Sci. 2013;36(7):1238-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201201198
  82. Zhu G, Zhang G, Wang M, Wang J, Zeng W, Gao X. Simultaneous Determination of Nine Active Compounds of the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang and Analysis of the Relationship between Therapeutical Effect and Compatibility of Medicines. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:521038.
  83. Kim JH, Shin HK, Seo CS. Chemical interaction between Paeonia lactiflora and Glycyrrhiza uralensis, the components of Jakyakgamcho-tang, using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method: herbal combination and chemical interaction in a decoction. J Sep Sci. 2014;37(19):2704-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201400522
  84. Okamura N, Maki T, Miyauchi H, Shimoe M, Yokono S, Yoshitomi H, Yagi A. Simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetic acid and glycyrrhetic acid mono-glucuronide in Shakuyaku-kanzo-to incubated with rat feces by semi-micro highperformance liquid chromatography. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001;24(10):1161-4. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.24.1161
  85. Shen L, Feng Y, Xu D, Lin X, Hong Y, Wang Y, Zhang L. Studies on changes of in vitro and in vivo material base of Shaoyao Gancao decoction based on HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2010;35(15):1947-52.
  86. Shen L, Hu RW, Lin X, Cong WJ, Hong YL, Feng Y, Xu DS, Ruan KF. Pharmacokinetics of characteristic effective ingredients from individual and combination Shaoyao and Gancao treatment in rats using HPLC fingerprinting. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2012;37(2):133-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13318-011-0052-y
  87. Hu RW, Shen L, Feng Y, Xu DS, Ruan KF, Lin X, Hong YL. Pharmacokinetics study on characteristic ingredients of different-dose herbs of shaoyaogancao decoction. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2011;46(3):329-32.
  88. Gan P, Zhong M, Huang X, Sun M, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Zeng C, Yuan Q, Liu Z, Zhou H. Pharmacokinetic comparisons of albiflorin and paeoniflorin after oral administration of Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang and single herb Paeony decoction to rats. Planta Med. 2012;78(3):237-43. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1280366
  89. Shen L, Cong WJ, Lin X, Hong YL, Hu RW, Feng Y, Xu DS, Ruan KF. Characterization using LC/MS of the absorption compounds and metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of a single or mixed decoction of Shaoyao and Gancao. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2012;60(6):712-21. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.60.712
  90. Shen L, Hu R, Lin X, Hong Y, Feng Y, Xu D, Ruan K. Pharmacokinetics effect of shaoyao gancao compound with different decocting methods on characteristic ingredients in rat plasma after oral administration. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2012;37(1):52-6.
  91. Xu CH, Wang P, Wang Y, Yang Y, Li DH, Li HF, Sun SQ, Wu XZ. Pharmacokinetic comparisons of two different combinations of Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction in rats: competing mechanisms between paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetinic acid. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013;149(2):443-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.049
  92. Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Li C, Yi Y, Liang A, Odd GN. Effect of Shaoyao Gancao Tang on function and expression of P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2012;37(7):991-6.
  93. Wang P, Yin QW, Zhang AH, Sun H, Wu XH, Wang XJ. Preliminary identification of the absorbed bioactive components and metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of Shaoyao-Gancao decoction by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacogn Mag. 2014;10(40):497-502. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.141774
  94. Bi X, Gong M, Di L. Review on prescription compatibility of shaoyao gancao decoction and reflection on pharmacokinetic compatibility mechanism of traditional chinese medicine prescription based on in vivo drug interaction of main efficacious components. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:208129.
  95. Sadakane C, Watanabe J, Fukutake M, Nisimura H, Maemura K, Kase Y, Kono T. Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Active Components After Oral Administration of a Kampo Medicine, Shakuyakukanzoto, to Healthy Adult Japanese Volunteers. J Pharm Sci. 2015;104(11):3952-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24596
  96. Guo L, Cho SY, Kang SS, Lee SH, Baek HY, Kim YS. Orthogonal array design for optimizing extraction efficiency of active constituents from Jakyak- Gamcho Decoction, the complex formula of herbal medicines, Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;113(2):306-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.06.013
  97. Sato Y, He JX, Nagai H, Tani T, Akao T. Isoliquiritigenin, one of the antispasmodic principles of Glycyrrhiza ularensis roots, acts in the lower part of intestine. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30(1):145-9. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.145
  98. Liu B, Yang J, Wen Q, Li Y. Isoliquiritigenin, a flavonoid from licorice, relaxes guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle in vitro and in vivo: role of cGMP/PKG pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008;587(1-3):257-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.015
  99. Shi Y, Wu D, Sun Z, Yang J, Chai H, Tang L, Guo Y. Analgesic and uterine relaxant effects of isoliquiritigenin, a flavone from Glycyrrhiza glabra. Phytother Res. 2012;26(9):1410-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3715
  100. Satoh H. Pharmacological characteristics of Kampo medicine as a mixture of constituents and ingredients. J Integr Med. 2013;11(1):11-6. https://doi.org/10.3736/jintegrmed2013003
  101. Zhu W, Zheng G, Gu Y, Chen X, Jin Y, Zhang G, Huang J, Shen J. Clinical efficacy and sEMG analysis of a new traditional Chinese medicine therapy in the treatment of spasticity following apoplectic hemiparalysis. Acta Neurol Belg. 2014;114(2):125-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-014-0279-x
  102. He JX, Akao T, Nishino T, Tani T. The influence of commonly prescribed synthetic drugs for peptic ulcer on the pharmacokinetic fate of glycyrrhizin from Shaoyao-Gancao-tang. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001;24(12):1395-9. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.24.1395
  103. He JX, Akao T, Tani T. Influence of coadministered antibiotics on the pharmacokinetic fate in rats of paeoniflorin and its active metabolite paeonimetabolin-I from Shaoyao-Gancao-tang. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003;55(3):313-21. https://doi.org/10.1211/002235702748
  104. He JX, Akao T, Tani T. Repetitive administration of Shaoyao-Gancao-tang to rats restores the bioavailability of glycyrrhizin reduced by antibiotic treatment. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003;55(11):1569-75. https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357022124
  105. He JX, Akao T, Tani T. Restorative effect of repetitive administration of Shaoyao-Gancaotang on bioavailability of paeoniflorin reduced by antibacterial synthetic drugs treatment in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003;26(11):1585-90. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.1585
  106. Goto E, He JX, Akao T, Tani T. Bioavailability of glycyrrhizin from Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang in laxative-treated rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005;57(10):1359-63. https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.57.10.0016
  107. He JX, Goto E, Akao T, Tani T. Interaction between Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang and a laxative with respect to alteration of paeoniflorin metabolism by intestinal bacteria in rats. Phytomedicine. 2007;14(7-8):452-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2006.09.014