DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Improved Control Method for Power Conversion System under a Weak Grid by the Adoption of Virtual Resistors

  • Gao, Ning (Wind Power Research Center, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University) ;
  • Sang, Shun (Wind Power Research Center, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University) ;
  • Li, Rui (Wind Power Research Center, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University) ;
  • Cai, Xu (Wind Power Research Center, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
  • 투고 : 2016.09.20
  • 심사 : 2017.01.17
  • 발행 : 2017.05.20

초록

The control of the power conversion system (PCS) in a battery energy storage system has a challenge due to the existence of grid impedance. This paper studies an impedance model of an LCL-based PCS in the d-q domain. The feature of a PCS connected to a weak grid is unveiled by use of an impedance model and a generalized Nyquist criterion. It is shown that the interaction between grid impedance and the PCS destabilizes the cascaded system in certain cases. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel control method that adopts virtual resistors to overcome this issue. The improvement in the control loop leads the PCS to a more stable condition than the conventional method. Impedance measurement is implemented to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Experimental results obtained from a down-scaled prototype indicate that the proposed control method can improve the performance of the PCS under a weak grid.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. J. M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R. C. PortilloGuisado, M. A. M. Prats, J. I. Leon, and N. Moreno-Alfonso, "Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: a survey," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 1002-1016, Jun. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2006.878356
  2. O. Abdel-Rahim and H. Funato, "An experimental investigation of modified predictive hysteresis control based MPPT strategy for PV applications," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 6450- 6454, Sep. 2015.
  3. J. P. Barton and D. G. Infield, "Energy storage and its use with intermittent renewable energy," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 441-448, Jun. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2003.822305
  4. S. Vazquez, S. M. Lukic, E. Galvan, L. G. Franquelo, and J. M. Carrasco, "Energy storage systems for transport and grid applications," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 57, No. 12, pp. 3881-3895, Dec. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2010.2076414
  5. D. M. Rastler, "Electricity energy storage technology options: a white paper primer on applications, costs and benefits," Electric Power Research Institute, 2010.
  6. K. C. Divya and J. Ostergaard, "Battery energy storage technology for power systems-An overview," Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 79, No. 4, pp. 511-520, Apr. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2008.09.017
  7. X. Li, D. Hui, and X. Lai, "Battery energy storage station (BESS)-based smoothing control of photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation fluctuations," IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 464-473, Apr. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2013.2247428
  8. I. Serban and C. Marinescu, "Control strategy of three-phase battery energy storage systems for frequency support in microgrids and with uninterrupted supply of local loads," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 5010-5020, Sep. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2283298
  9. L. Maharjan, S. Inoue, and H. Akagi, "A transformerless energy storage system based on a cascade multilevel pwm converter with star configuration," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 1621-1630, Sep./Oct. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2008.2002180
  10. N. M. L. Tan, T. Abe, and H. Akagi, "Design and performance of a bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter for a battery energy storage system," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 1237-1248, Mar. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2108317
  11. K.-Y. Lo, Y.-M. Chen, and Y.-R. Chang, "Bi-directional single-stage grid-connected inverter for battery energy storage system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. PP, No. 99, pp. 1-1, Apr. 2016.
  12. H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, and A. Nabae, "Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. IA-20, No. 3, pp. 625-630, May 1984. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.1984.4504460
  13. D. Ikni, M. B. Camara, and B. Dakyo, "Offshore wind farms energy injection in the electrical grid - Lithium battery to mitigate power fluctuations," International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 1049-1061, Nov. 2015.
  14. M. Liserre, R. Teodorescu, and F. Blaabjerg, "Stability of photovoltaic and wind turbine grid-connected inverters for a large set of grid impedance values," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 263-272, Jan. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2005.861185
  15. X. Wang, F. Blaabjerg, M. Liserre, Z. Chen, J. He, and Y. Li, "An active damper for stabilizing power-electronics-based AC systems," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 3318-3329, Jul. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2278716
  16. J. Z. Zhou, H. Ding, S. Fan, Y. Zhang, and A. M. Gole, "Impact of short-circuit ratio and phase-locked-loop parameters on the small-signal behavior of a VSC-HVDC converter," IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 2287-2296, Oct. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2330518
  17. B. Zeng, S. Ouyang, J. Zhang, H. Shi, G. Wu, and M. Zeng, "An analysis of previous blackouts in the world: Lessons for China׳ s power industry," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 42, pp. 1151-1163, Feb. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.069
  18. J. Sun, "Impedance-based stability criterion for gridconnected inverters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 26, No. 11, pp. 3075-3078, Nov. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2136439
  19. M. Cespedes and J. Sun, "Impedance modeling and analysis of grid-connected voltage-source converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 1254-1261, Mar. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2262473
  20. B. Wen, D. Boroyevich, R. Burgos, P. Mattavelli, and Z. Shen, "Analysis of D-Q small-signal impedance of grid-tied inverters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 675-687, Jan. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2398192
  21. B. Wen, D. Boroyevich, P. Mattavelli, Z. Shen, and R. Burgos, "Influence of phase-locked loop on input admittance of three-phase voltage-source converters," in Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), pp. 897-904, Mar. 2013.
  22. L. Fan, Z. Miao, "Nyquist-stability-criterion-based SSR explanation for type-3 wind generators," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 807-809, Sep. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2012.2193491
  23. H. Liu and J. Sun, "Voltage stability and control of offshore wind farms with AC collection and HVDC transmission," IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron., Vol. 2, No .4, pp. 1181-1189, Dec. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2014.2361290
  24. J. Lyu, X. Cai, and M. Molinas, "Frequency domain stability analysis of MMC-based HVDC for wind farm integration," IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron., Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 141-151, Mar. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2015.2498182
  25. Y. Liu, W. Wu, Y. He, Z. Lin, F. Blaabjerg, and H. S.-H. Chung, "An efficient and robust hybrid damper for, LCL - or, LLCL -based grid-tied inverter with strong grid-side harmonic voltage effect rejection," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 926-936, Feb. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2015.2478738
  26. J. Dannehl, F. W. Fuchs, S. Hansen, and P. B. Thogersen, "Investigation of active damping approaches for PI-based current control of grid-connected PWM converters with LCL filters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 1509-1517, Jul./Aug. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2010.2049974
  27. Y. Tian, P. C. Loh, F. Deng, Z. Chen, X. Sun, and Y, Hu, "Impedance coordinative control for cascaded converter in bidirectional application," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 4084-4095, Sep./Oct. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2016.2564359
  28. S. Cobreces, E. Bueno, F. J. Rodriguez, F. Huerta, and P. Rodriguez, "Influence analysis of the effects of an inductive-resistive weak grid over L and LCL filter current hysteresis controllers," in European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, pp. 1-10, Sep. 2007.
  29. G. Liu, Y. Yang, P. Wang, W. Wang, and D. Xu, "Stability control method based on virtual inductance of grid-connected PV inverter under weak grid," in 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), pp. 1867-1872, Nov. 2013.