DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Durability assessment of self-compacting concrete with fly ash

  • Deilami, Sahar (School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Western Australia) ;
  • Aslani, Farhad (School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Western Australia) ;
  • Elchalakani, Mohamed (School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Western Australia)
  • Received : 2016.08.25
  • Accepted : 2017.01.19
  • Published : 2017.05.25

Abstract

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a new technology capable to flow without segregation or any addition of energy which leads to efficient construction and cost savings. In this study, the effect of replacing the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with Fly Ash (FA) on the strength, durability of the concrete was investigated experimentally, and carbon footprint and cost were also assessed. Four different replacement FA ratios (0%, 20%, 40% and 60%) were used to create four SCC mixes. Standard test methods were used to determine the workability, strength, and durability of the SCC mixes including resist chloride ion penetration, water permeability, water absorption, and initial surface absorption. The axial cube compressive strength tests were performed on the SCC mixes at 1, 7, 14, 28 and 35 days. Replacing the OPC with FA had a significant positive impact on chloride iron penetration resistance and water absorption but had a considerable negative impact on the compressive strength. The SCC mix with 60% FA had 36.7% and 15.8% enhancement in the resistance to chloride ion penetration and water absorption, respectively. Evaluation of the carbon footprint and the cost of each SCC mixes showed the $CO_2$ emissions mixes 1, 2, 3 and 4 were significantly reduced by increasing the FA content from 0% to 60%. Compared with the control mix, the cost of all mixes increased when the FA content increased, but no significant differences were seen between the estimated costs of all four mixes.

Keywords

References

  1. ACI.CT-13 (2013), ACI Concrete Terminology-An ACI Standard, American Concrete Institute, 24.
  2. Ahmadi, M., Alidoust, O., Sadrinejad, I. and Nayeri, M. (2007), "Development of mechanical properties of self compacting concrete contain rice husk ash", J. Civil Environ. Struct. Constr. Architect. Eng., 1(4), 100-103.
  3. Amrutha, N.G., Narasimhan, M. and Rajeeva, S. (2011), "Chloride-ion impermeability of self-compacting high-volume fly ash concrete mixes", J. Civil Environ. Eng., 11(4), 29-33.
  4. Aslani, F. (2014), "Experimental and numerical study of timedependent behaviour of reinforced self-compacting concrete slabs", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.
  5. Aslani, F. and Nejadi, S. (2012a), "Mechanical properties of conventional and self-compacting concrete: An analytical study", Constr. Build. Mater., 36, 330-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.034
  6. Aslani, F. and Nejadi, S. (2012b), "Bond characteristics of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete", Can. J. Civil Eng., 39(7), 834-848. https://doi.org/10.1139/l2012-069
  7. Aslani, F. and Nejadi, S. (2012c), "Bond behavior of reinforcement in conventional and self-compacting concrete", Adv. Struct. Eng., 15(12), 2033-2051. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.15.12.2033
  8. Aslani, F. and Nejadi, S. (2012d), "Shrinkage behavior of selfcompacting concrete", J. Zhejiang Uni. Sci. A, 13(6), 407-419. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1100340
  9. Aslani, F. and Nejadi, S. (2012e), "Bond characteristics of reinforcing steel bars embedded in self-compacting concrete", Austr. J. Struct. Eng., 13(3), 279-295.
  10. Aslani, F. and Nejadi, S. (2013a), "Self-compacting concrete incorporating steel and polypropylene fibers: Compressive and tensile strengths, moduli of elasticity and rupture, compressive stress-strain curve, and energy dissipated under compression", Compos. Part B-Eng., 53, 121-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.04.044
  11. Aslani, F. and Nejadi, S. (2013b), "Creep and shrinkage of selfcompacting concrete with and without fibers", J. Adv. Concrete Technol., 11(10), 251-265. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.11.251
  12. Aslani, F. (2013), "Effects of specimen size and shape on compressive and tensile strengths of self-compacting concrete with or without fibers", Mag. Concrete Res., 65(15), 914-929. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.13.00016
  13. Aslani, F. and Maia, L. (2013), "Creep and shrinkage of high strength self-compacting concrete experimental and numerical analysis", Mag. Concrete Res., 65(17), 1044-1058. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.13.00048
  14. Aslani, F. and Natoori, M. (2013), "Stress-strain relationships for steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete", Struct. Eng. Mech., 46(2), 295-322. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.46.2.295
  15. Aslani, F. and Bastami, M. (2014), "Relationship between deflection and crack mouth opening displacement of selfcompacting concrete beams with and without fibres", Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct., 22(11), 956-967. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2014.906689
  16. Aslani, F., Nejadi, S. and Samali, B. (2014a), "Short term bond shear stress and cracking control of reinforced self-compacting concrete one way slabs under flexural loading", Comput. Concrete, 13(6), 709-737. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2014.13.6.709
  17. Aslani, F., Nejadi, S. and Samali, B. (2014b), "Long-term flexural cracking control of reinforced self-compacting concrete one way slabs with and without fibres", Comput. Concrete, 14(4), 419-443. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2014.14.4.419
  18. Aslani, F. and Samali, B. (2014), "Flexural toughness characteristics of self-compacting concrete incorporating steel and polypropylene fibers", Austr. J. Struct. Eng., 15(3), 269-286.
  19. Aslani, F., Nejadi, S. and Samali, B. (2015), "Instantaneous and time-dependent flexural cracking models of reinforced selfcompacting concrete slabs with and without fibres", Comput. Concrete, 16(2), 223-243. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.16.2.223
  20. Assie, S., Escadeillas, G. and Waller, V. (2007), "Estimate of selfcompacting concrete potential durability", J. Constr. Build. Mater., 21(10), 1909-1917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.06.034
  21. ASTM C1202 (1994), Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  22. ASTM C1202 (1997), Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  23. ASTM C1202 (1997), Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concretes Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  24. ASTM 1478.1 (2000), Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, Mortar and Grout-Admixtures for Concrete, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  25. ASTM C109(2000), Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens), Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  26. ASTM C494 (2001), Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  27. ASTM C618 (2015), Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  28. Balakrishnan, D. and Paulose, K. (2013), "Workability and strength characteristics of self compacting concrete containing fly ash and dolomite powder", Am. J. Eng. Res., 24(4), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00163-012-0136-y
  29. Bingol, A. and Tohumcu, I. (2013), "Effects of different curing regimes on the compressive strengthproperties of self compacting concrete incorporating fly ashand silica fume", J. Mater. Des., 51, 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.106
  30. Bradu, A. and Florea, N. (2015), "Water absorption of self compacting concrete containing different levels of fly ash", 61(4), 107-114.
  31. Claisse, P., Ganjian, E. and Adham, T. (2003), "In situ measurement of the intrinsic permeability of concrete", Mag. Concrete Res., 55(2), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2003.55.2.125
  32. Da Silva, P. and Brito, D. (2015), "Experimental study of the porosity and microstructure of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with binary and ternary mixes of fly ash and limestone filler", J. Constr. Build. Mater., 86, 101-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.110
  33. Damineli, B., Kemeid, F., Aguiar, P. and John, V. (2010), "Measuring the co-efficiency of cement use", Cement Concrete Compos., 32, 555-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.07.009
  34. Dhiyaneshwaran, S., Ramanathan, P., Baskar, I. and Venkatasubramani, R. (2013), "Study on durability characteristics of self-compacting concrete with fly ash", Jord. J. Civil Eng., 7(3), 342-353.
  35. Dinakar, P., Babu, K. and Santhanam, M. (2008), "Durability properties of high volume fly ash self compacting concretes", Cement Concrete Compos., 30(10), 880-886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.06.011
  36. Elchalakani, M., Aly, T. and Abu-Aisheh, E. (2014), "Sustainable concrete with high volume GGBFS to build Masdar city in the UAE", Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 1, 10-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2013.11.001
  37. BS EN 116 (1983), Testing Concrete, Method for Determination of Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes, London, U.K.
  38. BS EN 122 (1983), Testing Concrete, Method for Determination of Water Absorption, London, U.K.
  39. BS EN 1881-101 (1983), Testing Concrete, Method of Sampling Fresh Concrete on Site, London, U.K.
  40. BS EN 1881-125 (1983), Testing Concrete, Methods for Mixing and Sampling Fresh Concrete in the Laboratory, London, U.K.
  41. BS EN 1881-208 (1996), Testing Concrete, Recommendations for the Determination of the Initial Surface Absorption of Concrete, London, U.K.
  42. BS EN 208 (1996), Testing Concrete, Recommendations for the Determination of the Initial Surface Absorption of Concrete, London, U.K.
  43. BS EN 12390-8 (2000), Testing Hardened Concrete, Depth of Penetration of Water Under Pressure, London, U.K.
  44. BS EN 934-2 (2001), Admixtures for Concrete, Mortar and Grout. Concrete Admixtures, Definitions Requirements, Conformity, Marking and Labelling, London, U.K.
  45. BS EN 12350-1 (2010), Testing Fresh Concrete, Self-Compacting Concrete, U-BoX Test, London, U.K.
  46. BS EN 12350-10 (2010), Testing Fresh Concrete, Self-Compacting Concrete, L box Test, London, U.K.
  47. BS EN 12350-8 (2010), Testing Fresh Concrete, Self-Compacting Concrete, Slump-Flow Test, London, U.K.
  48. BS EN 12350-9 (2010), Testing Fresh Concrete, Self-Compacting Concrete, V-Funnel Test, London, U.K.
  49. BS EN 206-9 (2010), Concrete, Additional Rrules for Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), London, U.K.
  50. BS EN 206-9 (2010), Concrete, Additional Rules for Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), London, U.K.
  51. BS EN 1141 (2011), Fibre Ropes, Polyester, 3-, 4-, 8-and 12-Strand Ropes, London, U.K.
  52. BS EN 197-1 (2011), Cement, Composition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements, London, U.K.
  53. Felekoglu, B., Tosun, K., Baradan, B., Altun, A. and Uyulgan, B. (2006), "The effect of fly ash and limestone fillers on the viscosity and compressivestrength of self-compacting repair mortars", Cement Concrete Res., 36(9), 1719-1726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.04.002
  54. Guneyisi, E., Gesoglu, M., Al-Goody, A. and Ipek, S. (2015), "Fresh and rheological behavior of nano-silica and fly ash blended self-compacting concrete", J. Constr. Build. Mater., 95, 29-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.142
  55. Jino, J., Maya, T. and Meenambal, T. (2012), "Mathematical modeling for durability characteristics of fly ash concrete", J. Eng. Sci. Technol., 4(1), 353-361.
  56. Kapoor, Y., Munn, C. and Charif, K. (2003), "Concrete in hot and aggressive environments", Proceedings of the 7th International Conference.
  57. Khan, R. and Sharma, A. (2015), "Durability properties of self compacting concrete containing fly ash, lime powder and metakaolin", J. Mater. Eng. Struct., 2(4), 206-212.
  58. Khayat, K. (1999), "Workability, testing, and performance of selfconsolidating concrete", ACI Mater. J., 96, 346-353.
  59. Liu, M. (2010), "Self-compacting concrete with different levels of pulverized fuel ash", J. Constr. Build. Mater., 24(7), 1245-1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.012
  60. Mahalingam, B., Nagamani, K., Kannan, K.L. and Bahurudeen, M. (2016), "Assessment of hardened characteristics of raw fly ash blended self compacting concrete", Presp. Sci., 8, 709-711.
  61. Nagaratnam, B.H., Faheem, A., Rahman, M.E., Mannan, M.A. and Leblouba, M. (2014), "Mechanical and durability properties of medium strength self-compacting concretewith high-volume fly ash and blendedaggregates", Period. Polytech. Civil Eng., 59(2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPci.7144
  62. Naik, T., Singh, S. and Hossain, M. (1994), "Permeability of concrete containing large amount of fly ash", 24(5), 913-922. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(94)90011-6
  63. Nath, P. and Sarker, P. (2011), "Effect of fly ash on the durability properties of high strength concrete", Proceedings of the 12th East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, 14, 1149-1156.
  64. Nazmy, A., Ashraf, M.B. and Khalad, M.E. (2003), "Emerging technologies in structural engineering", 2.
  65. NRMCA (2004), Self Consolidating Concrete, National Ready Mixed Concrete Associasion.
  66. Ryan, P. and O'Connor, A. (2016), "Comparing the durability of self-compacting concretes and conventionally vibrated concretes in chloride rich environments", J. Constr. Build. Mater., 120, 504-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.089
  67. Seshadri Sekhar, T., Sravana, P. and Srinivasa, R. (2010), "Some studies on the permeability behaviour of self compacting concrete", Ph.D. Dissertation, J.N.T. University, Hyderabad, India.
  68. Shen, L., Struble, L. and Lange, D. (2016). "Testing static segregation of SCC", University of Illinois, Illinois, U.S.A.
  69. Siddique, R. (2011), "Properties of self-compacting concrete containing class F fly ash", J. Mater. Des., 32(3), 1501-1507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.08.043
  70. Sri Ravindrarajah, D.R., Siladyi, D. and Adamopoulos, B. (2003), "Development of high-strength self-compacting concrete with reduced segregation potential", Proceedings of the 3rd International RILEM Symposium, Reykjavik, Iceland, August.
  71. Swamy, R., Ratnam, M.K.M.V. and Rangaraju, D.U. (2015), "Effect of mineral admixture on properties of self compacting concrete", J. Innov. Res. Sci. Technol., 1(11), 503-511.
  72. Trezos, K., Sfikas, I. and Pavlou, D. (2010), "Water permeability of self compacting concrete", s.l., s.n., 1-10.
  73. Zhao, H., Sun, W., Wu, X. and Gao, B. (2015), "The properties of the self-compacting concrete with fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag mineral admixtures", J. Clean. Prod., 95, 67-74.
  74. Zhu, W. and Bartos, P. (2003), "Permeation properties of self compacting concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 33(6), 921-926. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)01090-6

Cited by

  1. Enhancing mechanical and durability properties of geopolymer concrete with mineral admixture vol.21, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2018.21.3.345
  2. Mechanical and durability properties of self-compacting concrete with blended binders vol.22, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2018.22.4.407
  3. Influence of nanosilica on mechanical and durability properties of concrete vol.172, pp.11, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.18.00080
  4. Effect of fine fillers from industrial waste and various chemical additives on the placeability of self-compacting concrete vol.25, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2020.25.1.059
  5. Ternary Mixes of Self-Compacting Concrete with Fly Ash and Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash vol.11, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010107