Korean Journal of Agricultural Science (농업과학연구)

Institute of Agricultural Science, CNU (충남대학교 농업과학연구소)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of feed flavor and sweetener on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and diarrhea score in weaning pigs

  • Lei, Yan (Department of Animal Resource and Sciences, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim, Jong Keun (Department of Animal Resource and Sciences, Dankook University) ;
  • Tran, Hoai Nam (Department of Animal Resource and Sciences, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim, In Ho (Department of Animal Resource and Sciences, Dankook University)
  • Received : 2016.12.01
  • Accepted : 2017.02.23
  • Published : 2017.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A total of 120 weaning pigs [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] with an average body weight of $8.95{\pm}0.88kg$ were used in this study to investigate the influence of supplementation of combined flavor and sweetener. The diets included: 1) TRT1, basal diet, 2) TRT2, TRT1 + 500 mg/kg flavor, 3) TRT3, TRT1 + 150 mg/kg sweetener, and 4) TRT4, TRT1 + 500 mg/kg flavor + 150 mg/kg sweetener. The TRT4 treatment produced a higher average daily gain (ADG) than that in the other treatments on d 0 - 14 and the whole experimental period (p < 0.05). The TRT1 and TRT2 treatments gave a lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) than that of TRT4 on d 0 - 14 and d 0 - 42 (p < 0.05). On d 15 - 42, TRT4 had a higher ADFI than that of TRT1 (p < 0.05). Compared to TRT1, dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and nitrogen (N) digestibility increased in pigs fed the TRT4 diet (p < 0.05) on d 14. Serum norepinephrine concentration in TRT1 treatment was higher (p < 0.05) than that in TRT4 treatment at 72 h after weaning. On d 0 - 7, diarrhea score decreased in TRT4 treatment compared with TRT1 and TRT2 treatments. In conclusion, flavor and sweetener complex addition improved ADG and ADFI as well as DM, N, and GE digestibility in weanling pigs. This supplementation in pigs' diets decreased the serum norepinephrine concentration at 72 h after weaning and the diarrhea score during the first week of weaning.

Keywords

References

  1. Aldinger SM, Speer VC, Hays VW, Catron DV. 1959. Effect of saccharin on consumption of starter rations by baby pigs. Journal of Animal Science 18:1350-1355. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1959.1841350x
  2. Aldinger SM, Speer VC, Hays VW, Catron DV. 1961. Effect of saccharin and sucrose on the performance of young pigs. Journal of Animal Science 20:249-254.
  3. AOAC. 2007. Official methods of analysis. 18th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD.
  4. Ball RO, Aherne FX. 1982. Effect of diet complexity and feed restriction on the incidence and severity of diarrhea in early-weaned pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 62:907-913. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas82-109
  5. Diaz F, Speer VC, Ashton GC, Liu CH, Catron DV. 1956. Comparison of refined cane sugar, invert cane molasses and unrefined cane sugar in starter rations for early weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science 15:315-317. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1956.151315x
  6. Fenton TW, Fenton M. 1979. An improved method for chromic oxide determination in feed and feces. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 59:631-634. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas79-081
  7. Forbes JM. 1995. Voluntary food intake and diet selection in farm animals. 1st ed. CAB. International, Wallingford, U.K.
  8. Graham H, Hesselman K, Jonsson E, Aman P. 1986. Influence of beta-glucanase supplementation on digestion of a barley-based diet in the pig gastrointestinal tract. Nutrition Reports International 34:1089-1096.
  9. Grinstead LE, Speer VC, Hays VM. 1961. Baby pigs preference for diets containing varying levels of sucrose. Journal of Animal Science 20:934.
  10. Hay M, Mormede P. 1997. Determination of catecholamines and methoxycatecholamines excretion patterns in pig and rat urine by ion-exchange liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 703:15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00390-3
  11. Hellekant G, Danilova V. 1999. Taste in domestic pig, Susscrofa. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 82:8-24. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.1999.00206.x
  12. Hof C. 1999. Use of sweeteners in animal nutrition. Lohmann Information 2:10-14.
  13. Jacela JY, DeRouchey JM, Tokach MD, Goodband RD, Nelssen JL, Renter DG, Dritz SS. 2010. Feed additives for swine: Fact sheets-flavors and mold inhibitors, mycotoxin binders, and antioxidants. Journal of Swine Health and Production 18:27-32.
  14. Jang KB, Kim JS, Kim SN, Jang YT, Lee JJ, Kim YH, Park JC, Kim YH, Song MH. 2016. Value of spray-dried plasma as a supplement to swine diets. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 43:14-20. [in Korean] https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20160002
  15. Lewis CJ, Catron DV, Combs Jr GE, Ashton GC, Culbertson CC. 1955. Sugar in pig starters. Journal of Animal Science 14:1103-1108. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1955.1441103x
  16. Liu S, Chen YL, Sun SD. 2008. Effect of different sweeter and flavor on the feed intake and weight gain in the piglet. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica 17:73-77.
  17. Lv JR, Kim IH, Zhang KY, Lei Y. 2012. The effects of different types of feed flavors on feed intake and feeding behaviors in growing pigs. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 11:3179-3186. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2012.3179.3186
  18. McCracken BA, Gaskins HR, Ruwe-Kaiser PJ, Klasing KC, Jewell DE. 1995. Diet-dependent and diet-independent metabolic responses underlie growth stasis of pigs at weaning. Journal of Nutrition 125:2838-2845.
  19. McCracken BA, Spurlock ME, Roos MA, Zuckermann FA, Gaskins HR. 1999. Weaning anorexia may contribute to local inflammation in the piglet small intestine. Journal of Nutrition 129:613-619. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129.3.613
  20. Munro PJ, Lirette A, Anderson DM, Ju HY. 2000. Effects of a new sweetener, Stevia, on performance of newly weaned pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80:529-531. https://doi.org/10.4141/A00-001
  21. National Research Council. 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th ed. National Research Council, Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
  22. Oostindjer M, Bolhuis JE, van den Brand H, Roura E, Kemp B. 2010. Prenatal flavor exposure affects growth, health and behavior of newly weaned piglets. Physiology & behavior 99:579-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.01.031
  23. Park JW, Yun HM, Park JH, Lee IS, Kim IH. 2016. Effect of supplementation Oreganum aetheroleum essential oil on growth performance in sows and growth performance, fecal score in weanling pigs. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 43:794-801. [in Korean]
  24. Pluske JR, Hampson DJ, Williams IH. 1997. Factors influencing the structure and function of the small intestine in the weaned pig: A review. Livestock production science 51:215-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(97)00057-2
  25. Roura E, Humphrey B, Tedo G, Ipharraguerre I. 2008. Unfolding the codes of short-term feed appetence in farm and companion animals. A comparative oronasal nutrient sensing biology. Canadian journal of animal science 88:535-558. https://doi.org/10.4141/CJAS08014
  26. Schlegel P, Hall R. 2006. Effects of diet type and an artificial high intensity sweetener (SUCRAM(R)) on weaned piglet performances. Journal of Animal Science 84:45-46.
  27. Soderholm JD, Perdue MH. 2001. II. Stress and intestinal barrier function. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 280:G7-G13. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.1.G7
  28. Spreeuwenberg M, Verdonk J, Gaskins H, Verstegen M. 2001. Small intestine epithelial barrier function is compromised in pigs with low feed intake at weaning. The Journal of Nutrition 131:1520-1527. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.5.1520
  29. Stein HH, Gibson ML, Pedersen C, Boersma MG. 2006. Amino acid and energy digestibility in ten samples of distillers dried grain with soluble fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 84:853-860. https://doi.org/10.2527/2006.844853x
  30. Sterk A, Schlegel P, Mul AJ, Ubbink-Blanksma M, Bruininx EMAM. 2008. Effects of sweeteners on individual feed intake characteristics and performance in group-housed weanling pigs. Journal of animal Science 86:2990-2997. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0591
  31. Stewart LL, Gramm BG, Nimmo RD, Stein HH. 2010. Effect of virginiamycin on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acid by growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 88:1718-1724. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2063
  32. Thacker PA, Haq I. 2009. Effect of enzymes, flavor and organic acids on nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing dehydrated lucerne meal. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 89:101-108. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3415
  33. Torrallardona D, Llauradó L, Matas J, Fort F, Roura E. 2001. The use of flavours in feed improves performance of piglets weaned at 21 days of age. In Feed manufacturing in the mediterranean region. Improving safety: From feed to food. edited by Brufau J. pp. 213-215. Zaragoza: CIHEAM, 2001.
  34. Wang J, Yang M, Xu SY, Lin Y, Che LQ, Fang ZF, Wu D. 2014. Comparative effects of sodium butyrate and flavors on feed intake of lactating sows and growth performance of piglets. Animal Science Journal 85:683-689. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12193

Cited by

  1. Role of dietary nucleotides to mitigate post-weaning stress in newly weaned pigs vol.44, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20170054
  2. Effects of artificial sweeteners on feed palatability and performance in weaned pigs vol.99, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2018-0143