Carbon letters

  • Volume 22
  • /
  • Pages.48-59
  • /
  • 2017
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  • 1976-4251(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2233-4998(eISSN)
Korean Carbon Society (한국탄소학회)
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Synthesis and characterization of carbon doped TiO2 photocatalysts supported on stainless steel mesh by sol-gel method

  • Tijani, JO. (Environmental and Nano Sciences Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape) ;
  • Fatoba, OO. (Environmental and Nano Sciences Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape) ;
  • Totito, TC. (Environmental and Nano Sciences Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape) ;
  • Roos, WD. (Department of Physics, University of the Free State) ;
  • Petrik, LF. (Environmental and Nano Sciences Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape)
  • Received : 2016.10.06
  • Accepted : 2017.02.11
  • Published : 2017.04.30
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Abstract

This study synthesized pure anatase carbon doped $TiO_2$ photocatalysts supported on a stainless steel mesh using a sol-gel solution of 8% polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/dimethylformamide (DMF)/$TiCl_4$. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature and holding time on the morphological characteristics, particle sizes and surface area of the prepared catalyst was investigated. The prepared catalysts were characterized by several analytical methods: high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XRD patterns showed that the supported $TiO_2$ nanocrystals are typically anatase, polycrystalline and body-centered tetragonal in structure. The EDS and XPS results complemented one another and confirmed the presence of carbon species in or on the $TiO_2$ layer, and the XPS data suggested the substitution of titanium in $TiO_2$ by carbon. Instead of using calcination, PAN pyrolysis was used to control the carbon content, and the mesoporosity was tailored by the applied temperature. The supported $TiO_2$ nanocrystals prepared by pyrolysis at 300, 350, and $400^{\circ}C$ for 3 h on a stainless steel mesh were actual supported carbon doped $TiO_2$ nanocrystals. Thus, $PAN/DMF/TiCl_4$ offers a facile, robust sol-gel related route for preparing supported carbon doped $TiO_2$ nanocomposites.

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References

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